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      Water pollution: one of the main Limnology challenges in the Anthropocene Translated title: Poluição hídrica: um dos principais desafios da Limnologia no Antropoceno

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Humankind is defining a new geological time. The Anthropocene epoch is marked by changes in the geological processes, hydrological regimes, biosphere structure, among other processes, due to human expansion over the landscape worldwide. Biogeochemical cycle’s acceleration, the high load of pollutants in water resources, rampant deforestation, increase in the greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, eutrophication and biodiversity losses are some indications that reflect human’s pressure over several ecosystems, especially aquatic ones. Therefore, here we reviewed some aspects from a huge anthropogenic influence on ecosystems: water pollution. For decades, humankind has increasingly placed demands on aquatic environments without any concern. As an effect, lakes, rivers, and reservoirs are being globally degraded. Although the interactive effects of future anthropic processes are complex, much of current knowledge suggests that these pressures are likely to increase in magnitude and frequency over the next years. Hence, scientific results need to be articulated in an integrative perspective to expand our understanding of the aquatic resources management. The ecological knowledge generated by scientists must be applied to solve environmental problems enabling human progress sustainably. It is urgent to improve communication and understanding among different sectors of society in favor of water management. Therefore, it will be possible to ensure the preservation of natural resources for future generations by using transdisciplinary tools to understand, mitigate and recover the water resources from these anthropogenic pressures.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: A humanidade está definindo um novo período geológico. A era do Antropoceno é marcada por mudanças nos processos geológicos, nos regimes hidrológicos, na estrutura da biosfera, dentre outros processos devido às expansões humanas sobre a paisagem ao redor do mundo. A aceleração dos ciclos biogeoquímicos, a grande carga de poluentes nos recursos hídricos, o desflorestamento desenfreado, o aumento das emissões de gases de efeito estufa para a atmosfera, a eutrofização e a perda da biodiversidade são algumas evidências que refletem as pressões humanas sobre diversos tipos de ecossistemas, especialmente os ecossistemas aquáticos. Desta maneira, neste estudo nós revisamos alguns aspectos da grande influência antrópica sobre os ecossistemas: a poluição hídrica. Durante décadas, a humanidade tem colocado cada vez mais demandas sobre os ambientes aquáticos sem qualquer preocupação. Como efeito, lagos, rios e reservatórios estão sendo degradados globalmente. Embora os efeitos interativos dos processos antrópicos futuros sejam complexos, muito do conhecimento atual sugere que essas pressões provavelmente aumentarão sua magnitude e frequência nos próximos anos. Consequentemente, os resultados científicos precisam ser articulados em uma perspectiva integradora buscando expandir o nosso entendimento sobre o manejo dos recursos hídricos. O conhecimento ecológico gerado pelos cientistas deve ser aplicado para solucionar os problemas ambientais permitindo o progresso humano de uma forma sustentável. É urgente a melhora da comunicação entre diferentes setores da sociedade em prol do manejo dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Assim, será possível garantir a preservação dos recursos naturais para futuras gerações aplicando ferramentas transdisciplinares para entender, mitigar e recuperar os recursos hídricos destas pressões antropogênicas.

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          Most cited references70

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          A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase*

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            Eutrophication science: where do we go from here?

            Cultural eutrophication has become the primary water quality issue for most of the freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems in the world. However, despite extensive research during the past four to five decades, many key questions in eutrophication science remain unanswered. Much is yet to be understood concerning the interactions that can occur between nutrients and ecosystem stability: whether they are stable or not, alternate states pose important complexities for the management of aquatic resources. Evidence is also mounting rapidly that nutrients strongly influence the fate and effects of other non-nutrient contaminants, including pathogens. In addition, it will be important to resolve ongoing debates about the optimal design of nutrient loading controls as a water quality management strategy for estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                alb
                Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
                Acta Limnol. Bras.
                Associação Brasileira de Limnologia (Rio Claro, SP, Brazil )
                2179-975X
                2019
                : 31
                : e203
                Affiliations
                [02] Natal Rio Grande do Norte orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte orgdiv1Centro de Biociências orgdiv2Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia Brazil
                [01] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora orgdiv1Departamento de Biologia orgdiv2Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática Brazil
                Article
                S2179-975X2019000100802
                10.1590/s2179-975x5118
                33383a1d-8927-4d68-9056-2b830399ed99

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 April 2019
                : 18 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 100, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Thematic Section: Mini-Reviews in Applied Limnology

                biogeochemical cycles,ecossistemas aquáticos,pollutants,eutrofização,ciclos biogeoquímicos,aquatic ecosystems,eutrophication,poluentes

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