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      Formación en educación de los docentes clínicos de medicina Translated title: Faculty development for clinicaI teachers in medicine

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          Translated abstract

          Effective clinical teaching is an imperative of medical education. Clinical teachers and faculty development initiatives as well as Medical Schools, need to focus their efforts to pursue common outcomes: effective learning in students, future competent physicians and healthy patients. Excellence in quality of teaching needs scholars in education. To achieve this objective, institutions must recruit a core of medical faculty according to its mission, define the attributes and teaching competences, implement faculty development programs, and finally, support academic vitality. This article describes the three main issues of medical teaching: faculty, faculty development and its organization.

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          Most cited references46

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          Faculty development for teaching and evaluating professionalism: from programme design to curriculum change.

          The recent emphasis on the teaching and evaluation of professionalism for medical students and residents has placed significant demands on medicine's educational institutions. The traditional method of transmitting professional values by role modelling is no longer adequate, and professionalism must be taught explicitly and evaluated effectively. However, many faculty members do not possess the requisite knowledge and skills to teach this content area and faculty development is therefore required. A systematic, integrated faculty development programme was designed to support the teaching and evaluation of professionalism at our institution. The programme consisted of think tanks to promote consensus and "buy-in", and workshops to convey core content, examine teaching strategies and evaluation methods, and promote reflection and self-awareness. The programme was evaluated using a CIPP (context, input, process, product) analysis. The institution supported this initiative and local expertise was available. A total of 152 faculty members, with key educational responsibilities, attended 1 or more faculty development activities. Faculty participation resulted in agreement on the cognitive base and attributes of professionalism, consensus on the importance of teaching and evaluating professionalism, and self-reported changes in teaching practices. This initiative also led to the development of new methods of evaluation, site-specific activities and curriculum change. A faculty development programme designed to support the teaching and evaluation of professionalism can lead to self-reported changes in teaching and practice as well as new educational initiatives. It can also help to develop more knowledgeable faculty members, who will, it is hoped, become more effective role models.
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            What clinical teachers in medicine need to know.

            D C Irby (1994)
            In order to identify the components of knowledge that effective clinical teachers of medicine need, the author carried out a qualitative study of six distinguished clinical teachers in general internal medicine in 1991. Using data from interviews, a structured task, and observations of each ward team, he identified six domains of knowledge essential to teaching excellence in the context of teaching rounds: clinical knowledge of medicine, patients, and the context of practice, as well as educational knowledge of learners, general principles of teaching and case-based teaching scripts. When combined, these domains of knowledge allow attending physicians to engage in clinical instructional reasoning and to target their teaching to the specific needs of their learners. The results of this investigation are discussed in relation to both prior research on teacher knowledge, reasoning, and action and faculty development in medicine.
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              A framework for developing excellence as a clinical educator.

              The current emphasis on providing quality undergraduate and postgraduate medical education has focused attention on the educational responsibilities of all doctors. There is a greater awareness of the need to train doctors as educators and courses have been set up to satisfy this need. Some courses, such as those on how to conduct appraisal, are specific to one task facing a medical educator. Other courses take a broader view and relate educational theory to practice. In this paper we describe an outcome-based approach in which competence in teaching is defined in terms of 12 learning outcomes. The framework provides a holistic approach to the roles of the teacher and supports the professionalism of teaching. Such a framework provides the basis for the development of a curriculum for teaching excellence. It helps to define important competences for different categories of teachers, communicate the areas to be addressed in a course, identify gaps in course provision, evaluate courses, assist in staff planning and allow individuals to assess their personal learning needs. The framework is presented to encourage wider debate.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmc
                Revista médica de Chile
                Rev. méd. Chile
                Sociedad Médica de Santiago (Santiago, , Chile )
                0034-9887
                November 2009
                : 137
                : 11
                : 1516-1522
                Affiliations
                [03] Santiago orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Interna Chile
                [02] Santiago orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Familiar Chile
                [01] Santiago orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina orgdiv2Centro de Educación Médica Chile
                Article
                S0034-98872009001100018 S0034-9887(09)13701118
                10.4067/S0034-98872009001100018
                33df1e53-9a56-4615-863b-5198f503d1f3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 August 2009
                : 16 March 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                EDUCACION MEDICA

                Teaching,Education, medical,Faculty, medical
                Teaching, Education, medical, Faculty, medical

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