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      Engaging youth in research planning, design and execution: Practical recommendations for researchers

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          Abstract

          Context

          Engaging youth as partners in academic research projects offers many benefits for the youth and the research team. However, it is not always clear to researchers how to engage youth effectively to optimize the experience and maximize the impact.

          Objective

          This article provides practical recommendations to help researchers engage youth in meaningful ways in academic research, from initial planning to project completion. These general recommendations can be applied to all types of research methodologies, from community action‐based research to highly technical designs.

          Results

          Youth can and do provide valuable input into academic research projects when their contributions are authentically valued, their roles are clearly defined, communication is clear, and their needs are taken into account. Researchers should be aware of the risk of tokenizing the youth they engage and work proactively to take their feedback into account in a genuine way. Some adaptations to regular research procedures are recommended to improve the success of the youth engagement initiative.

          Conclusions

          By following these guidelines, academic researchers can make youth engagement a key tenet of their youth‐oriented research initiatives, increasing the feasibility, youth‐friendliness and ecological validity of their work and ultimately improve the value and impact of the results their research produces.

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          Most cited references20

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          A systematic review of stakeholder engagement in comparative effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes research.

          We conducted a review of the peer-reviewed literature since 2003 to catalogue reported methods of stakeholder engagement in comparative effectiveness research and patient-centered outcomes research.
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            Youth as partners, participants or passive recipients: a review of children and adolescents in community-based participatory research (CBPR).

            Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an orientation to research that places value on equitable collaborations between community members and academic partners, reflecting shared decision making throughout the research process. Although CBPR has become increasingly popular for research with adults, youth are less likely to be included as partners. In our review of the literature, we identified 399 articles described by author or MeSH keyword as CBPR related to youth. We analyzed each study to determine youth engagement. Not including misclassified articles, 27 % of percent of studies were community-placed but lacked a community partnership and/or participatory component. Only 56 (15 %) partnered with youth in some phase of the research process. Although youth were most commonly involved in identifying research questions/priorities and in designing/conducting research, most youth-partnered projects included children or adolescents in several phases of the research process. We outline content, methodology, phases of youth partnership, and age of participating youth in each CBPR with youth project, provide exemplars of CBPR with youth, and discuss the state of the youth-partnered research literature.
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              Implementation of a youth‐adult partnership model in youth mental health systems research: Challenges and successes

              Abstract Background By integrating Youth–Adult Partnerships (Y‐APs) in organizational decision making and programming in health‐care settings, youth can be engaged in decisions that affect them in a way that draws on their unique skills and expertise. Despite challenges, Y‐APs can have many benefits for youth and adults alike, as well as for the programmes and initiatives that they undertake together. Objective This article describes the development, implementation and success of a Y‐AP initiative at the McCain Centre at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, a large urban hospital. Method The McCain Y‐AP implementation model was developed based on the existing literature, guided by the team's progressive experience. The development and implementation procedure is described, with indicators of the model's success and recommendations for organizations interested integrating youth engagement. Results The McCain Y‐AP has integrated youth into a wide range of mental health and substance use‐related initiatives, including research projects, conferences and educational presentations. The model of youth engagement is flexible to include varying degrees of involvement, allowing youth to contribute in ways that fit their availability, interest and skills. Youth satisfaction has been strong and both the youth and adult partners have learned from the experience. Discussion Through the McCain Y‐AP initiative, youth engagement has helped advance numerous initiatives in a variety of ways. Flexible engagement, multifaceted mentorship, reciprocal learning and authentic decision making have led to a successful partnership that has provided opportunities for growth for all those involved. Health‐care organizations interested in engaging youth can learn from the McCain Y‐AP experience to guide their engagement initiatives and maximize success.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lisa.hawke@camh.ca
                Journal
                Health Expect
                Health Expect
                10.1111/(ISSN)1369-7625
                HEX
                Health Expectations : An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1369-6513
                1369-7625
                01 June 2018
                December 2018
                : 21
                : 6 ( doiID: 10.1111/hex.2018.21.issue-6 )
                : 944-949
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada
                [ 2 ] University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry Toronto ON Canada
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Lisa D. Hawke, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.

                Email: lisa.hawke@ 123456camh.ca

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-9453
                Article
                HEX12795
                10.1111/hex.12795
                6250868
                29858526
                34242bc8-7e5c-4b30-a5b9-3f9197422421
                © 2018 The Authors. Health Expectations published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Pages: 6, Words: 4877
                Funding
                Funded by: Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health
                Categories
                Review Article
                Review Article
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                hex12795
                December 2018
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:version=5.5.3 mode:remove_FC converted:23.11.2018

                Health & Social care
                mental health,patient‐centred research,research methodology,youth engagement

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