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      Suchtkrank in der Pandemie? – COVID-19 und Abhängigkeitserkrankungen

      1 , 2
      Das Gesundheitswesen
      Georg Thieme Verlag KG

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          Zusammenfassung

          Ziel Es soll dargestellt werden, inwiefern sich das Konsumverhalten insbesondere in Deutschland verändert hat und welche Bevölkerungsgruppen von gesteigertem Konsum, erhöhtem Infektionsrisiko und der Gefahr eines problematischeren Krankheitsverlaufs von COVID-19 betroffen sind.

          Methode Mittels Literaturrecherche wurden in den Datenbanken PubMed und PubPsych zur Beantwortung der Fragestellungen geeignete Befragungen und Experteneinschätzungen ausgewählt.

          Ergebnisse Bei Alkohol und Tabak ist ein leichter Anstieg des alltäglichen Gebrauchs zu beobachten, während der Konsum illegaler Drogen in Europa etwas abnimmt. Insgesamt ist bei Gelegenheitskonsumierenden eher ein Rückgang und bei Hochkonsumierenden ein Anstieg des Konsums zu verzeichnen. Auch Medien- und Internetnutzungszeiten nahmen bei Erwachsenen und Kindern während der Pandemie zu. Ängste, Depressionen und Stress können zu einer Konsumsteigerung führen. Bereits suchtkranke Menschen sind psychisch stark belastet und weisen zeitgleich ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und einen schweren Krankheitsverlauf auf.

          Schlussfolgerung Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse liefern hilfreiche Trends, die zukünftig durch repräsentative Studien abgesichert werden müssen. Der Schutz von Risikogruppen und speziell an die Pandemie angepasste Präventionsmaßnahmen erscheinen notwendig.

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          The Psychological and Mental Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Medical Staff and General Public – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

          Highlights • We included 62 studies from 17 countries assessing psychological distress of COVID-19 • We found a high psychological burden among medical staff and the general public • However, the psychological distress was significantly higher among patients • We identified risk factors of psychological burdens to identify high-risk people • Professional medical services should be allocated to high-risk population • More self-help materials should be made available for people with milder impact
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            Psychosocial impact of COVID-19

            Background Along with its high infectivity and fatality rates, the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) has caused universal psychosocial impact by causing mass hysteria, economic burden and financial losses. Mass fear of COVID-19, termed as “coronaphobia”, has generated a plethora of psychiatric manifestations across the different strata of the society. So, this review has been undertaken to define psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Methods Pubmed and GoogleScholar are searched with the following key terms- “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV2”, “Pandemic”, “Psychology”, “Psychosocial”, “Psychitry”, “marginalized”, “telemedicine”, “mental health”, “quarantine”, “infodemic”, “social media” and” “internet”. Few news paper reports related to COVID-19 and psychosocial impacts have also been added as per context. Results Disease itself multitude by forced quarantine to combat COVID-19 applied by nationwide lockdowns can produce acute panic, anxiety, obsessive behaviors, hoarding, paranoia, and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the long run. These have been fueled by an “infodemic” spread via different platforms social media. Outbursts of racism, stigmatization, and xenophobia against particular communities are also being widely reported. Nevertheless, frontline healthcare workers are at higher-risk of contracting the disease as well as experiencing adverse psychological outcomes in form of burnout, anxiety, fear of transmitting infection, feeling of incompatibility, depression, increased substance-dependence, and PTSD. Community-based mitigation programs to combat COVID-19 will disrupt children's usual lifestyle and may cause florid mental distress. The psychosocial aspects of older people, their caregivers, psychiatric patients and marginalized communities are affected by this pandemic in different ways and need special attention. Conclusion For better dealing with these psychosocial issues of different strata of the society, psychosocial crisis prevention and intervention models should be urgently developed by the government, health care personnel and other stakeholders. Apt application of internet services, technology and social media to curb both pandemic and infodemic needs to be instigated. Psychosocial preparedness by setting up mental organizations specific for future pandemics is certainly necessary.
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              Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults

              The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has enforced dramatic changes to daily living including economic and health impacts. Evidence for the impact of these changes on our physical and mental health and health behaviors is limited. We examined the associations between psychological distress and changes in selected health behaviors since the onset of COVID-19 in Australia. An online survey was distributed in April 2020 and included measures of depression, anxiety, stress, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. The survey was completed by 1491 adults (mean age 50.5 ± 14.9 years, 67% female). Negative change was reported for physical activity (48.9%), sleep (40.7%), alcohol (26.6%) and smoking (6.9%) since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significantly higher scores in one or more psychological distress states were found for females, and those not in a relationship, in the lowest income category, aged 18–45 years, or with a chronic illness. Negative changes in physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake were associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Health-promotion strategies directed at adopting or maintaining positive health-related behaviors should be utilized to address increases in psychological distress during the pandemic. Ongoing evaluation of the impact of lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic is needed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Das Gesundheitswesen
                Gesundheitswesen
                Georg Thieme Verlag KG
                0941-3790
                1439-4421
                January 13 2022
                January 2022
                September 24 2021
                January 2022
                : 84
                : 01
                : 19-26
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Bayerische Akademie für Sucht- und Gesundheitsfragen, München, Deutschland
                [2 ]Bay. Zentrum für Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, LGL, Bad Kissingen, Deutschland
                Article
                10.1055/a-1547-6948
                351ed883-99c2-4f0c-9bdc-1f7589267887
                © 2022
                History

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