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      Marcadores séricos do metabolismo ósseo no hipertireoidismo felino Translated title: Serum markers of bone metabolism in feline hyperthyroidism

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          Abstract

          Os efeitos do hipertireoidismo experimental (150mg kg-1 d-1 42d-1 de levotiroxina) sobre os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo foi estudado em 14 gatos sem raça definida, nove fêmeas e cinco machos, não-castrados, com idade entre um e três anos. As variáveis estudadas foram tiroxina total (T4), tiroxina livre (FT4) e o telopeptídeo carboxiterminal do colágeno tipo I (ICTP) mensurados por radioimunoensaio, a osteocalcina (OC) foi mensurada por ensaio radioimunométrico e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) foi mensurada pela técnica da densitometria óptica. As concentrações séricas da OC apresentaram diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre si, nos quatro tempos [T0 (imediatamente antes da levotiroxina sódica), T1 (14d), T2 (28d), T3 (42d)]. Já o ICTP, um marcador específico da reabsorção óssea, não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tempos. A DMO apresentou diminuição significativa (P<0,05) aos 14 dias (T1) em relação ao momento inicial. Provavelmente o remodelamento ósseo foi provocado pelo estado hipertireóideo, visto que a OC e o ICTP apresentaram excelente correlação positiva com a TT4 e um pouco inferior com a FT4. A FT4 não apresentou correlação positiva com o ICTP, excetuando-se aos 28 dias (T2). Observou-se baixa correlação, em todos os momentos, entre os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo e a densidade mineral óssea realizada pela técnica de densitometria óptica. Conclui-se que o excesso dos hormônios tireoidianos em gatos provocou aumento do remodelamento ósseo, visto que ocorreu alta correlação entre estes hormônios e os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo. Conclui-se também que a tireotoxicose não foi suficiente para elevar os níveis séricos do ICTP, sugerindo que, nos estágios precoces, não há predomínio da atividade osteoclástica. O hipertireoidismo provocou diminuição da DMO óssea, porém, a OC e o ICTP apresentaram baixa correlação com esta variável.

          Translated abstract

          The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism (150mg kg-1 d-1 42d-1 levothyroxine) on markers of bone metabolism was studied in fourteen shorthair intact cats, nine females and five males, from 1 to 3 years of age. Total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), carboxi-terminal telopeptides of collagen type I (ICTP) (measured by radioimmunoassay), osteocalcin (OC) (measured by immunoradiometric assay) and bone mineral density (DMO) (measured by the optic densitometria) were evaluated. Serum concentrations of OC were significantly different (P<0.05) between all four moments (before the induction, 14, 28 and 42 days). The DMO presented significant difference (P<0.05) at the 14 days in comparison to the initial moment. Bone remodeling was probably caused by the hyperthyroid state, since both OC and ICTP presented strong positive correlation with TT4 and a little lowerth FT4. The FT4 concentrations did not present positive correlation with ICTP, except at 28 days. Correlation between markers of bone metabolism and the bone mineral density was low in all the moments. High correlation was observed between thyroid hormones and markers of bone metabolism. In conclusion, this excess of thyroid hormones in cats may cause an increase of bone remodeling. Moreover, thyrotoxicosis in this study was not enough to raise the serum levels of ICTP, suggesting no predominance of osteoblastic activity in these early stages. The experimental hyperthyroidism was also associated to the reduction of bone DMO, however OC and ICTP levels demonstrated low correlation with this variable.

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          Most cited references30

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          Physiology and pathophysiology of bone remodeling.

          The skeleton is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life. This remodeling is necessary both to maintain the structural integrity of the skeleton and to subserve its metabolic functions as a storehouse of calcium and phosphorus. These dual functions often come into conflict under conditions of changing mechanical forces or metabolic and nutritional stress. The bone remodeling cycle involves a complex series of sequential steps that are highly regulated. The "activation" phase of remodeling is dependent on the effects of local and systemic factors on mesenchymal cells of the osteoblast lineage. These cells interact with hematopoietic precursors to form osteoclasts in the "resorption" phase. Subsequently, there is a "reversal" phase during which mononuclear cells are present on the bone surface. They may complete the resorption process and produce the signals that initiate formation. Finally, successive waves of mesenchymal cells differentiate into functional osteoblasts, which lay down matrix in the "formation" phase. The effects of calcium-regulating hormones on this remodeling cycle subserve the metabolic functions of the skeleton. Other systemic hormones control overall skeletal growth. The responses to changes in mechanical force and repair of microfractures, as well as the maintenance of the remodeling cycle, are determined locally by cytokines, prostaglandins, and growth factors. Interactions between systemic and local factors are important in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis as well as the skeletal changes in hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Local factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of the skeletal changes associated with immobilization, inflammation, and Paget disease of bone.
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            Effects of thyroid hormones on bone and mineral metabolism.

            Because of pronounced symptoms and early detection, severe hyperthyroidism is usually treated before skeletal symptoms are evident. However, previous hyperthyroidism may involve a risk of later postmenopausal or senile osteoporosis, since some of the bone loss apparently is irreversible. Borderline hyperthyroidism in clinically euthyroid patients may induce accelerated bone loss and thereby increase the risk of low-energy fractures. Moreover, it is unknown whether interindividual differences exist in skeletal sensitivity to circulating thyroid hormones and thereby in the rate of bone loss. From these considerations it appears that disturbed thyroid function may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, one of the major health problems in the western hemisphere.
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              Molecular markers of bone turnover: biochemical, technical and analytical aspects.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria )
                1678-4596
                August 2008
                : 38
                : 5
                : 1368-1374
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S0103-84782008000500027
                10.1590/S0103-84782008000500027
                361bf5b9-56b5-44af-b783-367e53a82c7f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-8478&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                hipertireoidismo,marcadores do metabolismo ósseo,gatos,hyperthyroidism,bone metabolism markers,cats

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