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      Ultracompact Three-Dimensional Tubular Conductivity Microsensors for Ionic and Biosensing Applications

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          Abstract

          We present ultracompact three-dimensional tubular structures integrating Au-based electrodes as impedimetric microsensors for the in-flow determination of mono- and divalent ionic species and HeLa cells. The microsensors show an improved performance of 2 orders of magnitude (limit of detection = 0.1 nM for KCl) compared to conventional planar conductivity detection systems integrated in microfluidic platforms and the capability to detect single HeLa cells in flowing phosphate buffered saline. These highly integrated conductivity tubular sensors thus open new possibilities for lab-in-a-tube devices for bioapplications such as biosensing and bioelectronics.

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          Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs

          Anders Johansen, Jeffrey S. Oishi, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low … (2007)
          The initial stages of planet formation in circumstellar gas discs proceed via dust grains that collide and build up larger and larger bodies (Safronov 1969). How this process continues from metre-sized boulders to kilometre-scale planetesimals is a major unsolved problem (Dominik et al. 2007): boulders stick together poorly (Benz 2000), and spiral into the protostar in a few hundred orbits due to a head wind from the slower rotating gas (Weidenschilling 1977). Gravitational collapse of the solid component has been suggested to overcome this barrier (Safronov 1969, Goldreich & Ward 1973, Youdin & Shu 2002). Even low levels of turbulence, however, inhibit sedimentation of solids to a sufficiently dense midplane layer (Weidenschilling & Cuzzi 1993, Dominik et al. 2007), but turbulence must be present to explain observed gas accretion in protostellar discs (Hartmann 1998). Here we report the discovery of efficient gravitational collapse of boulders in locally overdense regions in the midplane. The boulders concentrate initially in transient high pressures in the turbulent gas (Johansen, Klahr, & Henning 2006), and these concentrations are augmented a further order of magnitude by a streaming instability (Youdin & Goodman 2005, Johansen, Henning, & Klahr 2006, Johansen & Youdin 2007) driven by the relative flow of gas and solids. We find that gravitationally bound clusters form with masses comparable to dwarf planets and containing a distribution of boulder sizes. Gravitational collapse happens much faster than radial drift, offering a possible path to planetesimal formation in accreting circumstellar discs.
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            The Dicke Quantum Phase Transition with a Superfluid Gas in an Optical Cavity

            Ferdinand Brennecke, Tilman Esslinger, Christine Guerlin … (2009)
            A phase transition describes the sudden change of state in a physical system, such as the transition between a fluid and a solid. Quantum gases provide the opportunity to establish a direct link between experiment and generic models which capture the underlying physics. A fundamental concept to describe the collective matter-light interaction is the Dicke model which has been predicted to show an intriguing quantum phase transition. Here we realize the Dicke quantum phase transition in an open system formed by a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, and observe the emergence of a self-organized supersolid phase. The phase transition is driven by infinitely long-ranged interactions between the condensed atoms. These are induced by two-photon processes involving the cavity mode and a pump field. We show that the phase transition is described by the Dicke Hamiltonian, including counter-rotating coupling terms, and that the supersolid phase is associated with a spontaneously broken spatial symmetry. The boundary of the phase transition is mapped out in quantitative agreement with the Dicke model. The work opens the field of quantum gases with long-ranged interactions, and provides access to novel quantum phases.
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              Simple analytical expression for the peak-frequency shifts of plasmonic resonances for sensing

              Jianji Yang, Harald Giessen, Philippe Lalanne (2015)
              We derive a closed-form expression that accurately predicts the peak frequency-shift and broadening induced by tiny perturbations of plasmonic nanoresonators without critically relying on repeated electrodynamic simulations of the spectral response of nanoresonator for various locations, sizes or shapes of the perturbing objects. The force of the present approach, in comparison with other approaches of the same kind, is that the derivation is supported by a mathematical formalism based on a rigorous normalization of the resonance modes of nanoresonators consisting of lossy and dispersive materials. Accordingly, accurate predictions are obtained for a large range of nanoparticle shapes and sizes, used in various plasmonic nanosensors, even beyond the quasistatic limit. The expression gives quantitative insight, and combined with an open-source code, provides accurate and fast predictions that are ideally suited for preliminary designs or for interpretation of experimental data. It is also valid for photonic resonators with large mode volumes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nano Lett
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nano Lett
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nl
                Journal ID (coden): nalefd
                Title: Nano Letters
                Publisher: American Chemical Society
                ISSN (Print): 1530-6984
                ISSN (Electronic): 1530-6992
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 March 2014
                Publication date (Print): 09 April 2014
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 2219-2224
                Affiliations
                [1]Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden , Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
                Author notes
                Article
                DOI: 10.1021/nl500795k
                PMC ID: 3985718
                PubMed ID: 24655094
                SO-VID: 368c5929-5a9d-45d4-ace5-18b898b904b1
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 American Chemical Society
                License:

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                History
                Date received : 02 March 2014
                Date revision received : 18 March 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Letter
                Custom metadata
                document-id-old-9 nl500795k
                document-id-new-14 nl-2014-00795k
                ccc-price

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanotechnology
                Keywords: rolled-up electronics,3d-microsensor,lab-in-a-tube,nanomembranes
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanotechnology
                Keywords: rolled-up electronics, 3d-microsensor, lab-in-a-tube, nanomembranes

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