Transmission of Human Enterovirus 85 Recombinants Containing New Unknown Serotype HEV-B Donor Sequences in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

Human enterovirus 85 (HEV85), whose prototype strain (Strain BAN00-10353/BAN/2000) was isolated in Bangladesh in 2000, is a recently identified serotype within the human enterovirus B (HEV-B) species. At present, only one nucleotide sequence of HEV85 (the complete genome sequence of the prototype strain) is available in the GenBank database.

Principal Findings

In this study, we report the genetic characteristics of 33 HEV85 isolates that circulated in the Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region of China in 2011. Sequence analysis revealed that all these Chinese HEV85 isolates belong to 2 transmission chains, and intertypic recombination was found with the new unknown serotype HEV-B donor sequences. Two HEV85 isolates recovered from a patient presenting acute flaccid paralysis and one of his contacts were temperature-insensitive strains, and some nucleotide substitutions in the non-coding regions and in the 2C or 3D coding regions may have affected the temperature sensitivity of HEV85 strains.

Conclusions

The Chinese HEV85 recombinant described in this study trapped a new unknown serotype HEV-B donor sequence, indicating that new unknown HEV-B serotypes exist or circulate in Xinjiang of China. Our study also indicated that HEV85 is a prevalent and common enterovirus serotype in Xinjiang.

Related collections

Most cited references 37

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination.

K Lole, R Bollinger, R S Paranjape … (1999)

The development of an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine is likely to depend on knowledge of circulating variants of genes other than the commonly sequenced gag and env genes. In addition, full-genome data are particularly limited for HIV-1 subtype C, currently the most commonly transmitted subtype in India and worldwide. Likewise, little is known about sequence variation of HIV-1 in India, the country facing the largest burden of HIV worldwide. Therefore, the objective of this study was to clone and characterize the complete genome of HIV-1 from seroconverters infected with subtype C variants in India. Cocultured HIV-1 isolates were obtained from six seroincident individuals from Pune, India, and virtually full-length HIV-1 genomes were amplified, cloned, and sequenced from each. Sequence analysis revealed that five of the six genomes were of subtype C, while one was a mosaic of subtypes A and C, with multiple breakpoints in env, nef, and the 3' long terminal repeat as determined by both maximal chi2 analysis and phylogenetic bootstrapping. Sequences were compared for preservation of known cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Compared with those of the HIV-1LAI sequence, 38% of well-defined CTL epitopes were identical. The proportion of nonconservative substitutions for Env, at 61%, was higher (P < 0.001) than those for Gag (24%), Pol (18%), and Nef (32%). Therefore, characterized CTL epitopes demonstrated substantial differences from subtype B laboratory strains, which were most pronounced in Env. Because these clones were obtained from Indian seroconverters, they are likely to facilitate vaccine-related efforts in India by providing potential antigens for vaccine candidates as well as for assays of vaccine responsiveness.

0 comments Cited 701 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Molecular evolution of the human enteroviruses: correlation of serotype with VP1 sequence and application to picornavirus classification.

M. Oberste, K Maher, D Kilpatrick … (1999)

Sixty-six human enterovirus serotypes have been identified by serum neutralization, but the molecular determinants of the serotypes are unknown. Since the picornavirus VP1 protein contains a number of neutralization domains, we hypothesized that the VP1 sequence should correspond with neutralization (serotype) and, hence, with phylogenetic lineage. To test this hypothesis and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among the human enteroviruses, we determined the complete VP1 sequences of the prototype strains of 47 human enterovirus serotypes and 10 antigenic variants. Our sequences, together with those available from GenBank, comprise a database of complete VP1 sequences for all 66 human enterovirus serotypes plus additional strains of seven serotypes. Phylogenetic trees constructed from complete VP1 sequences produced the same four major clusters as published trees based on partial VP2 sequences; in contrast to the VP2 trees, however, in the VP1 trees strains of the same serotype were always monophyletic. In pairwise comparisons of complete VP1 sequences, enteroviruses of the same serotype were clearly distinguished from those of heterologous serotypes, and the limits of intraserotypic divergence appeared to be about 25% nucleotide sequence difference or 12% amino acid sequence difference. Pairwise comparisons suggested that coxsackie A11 and A15 viruses should be classified as strains of the same serotype, as should coxsackie A13 and A18 viruses. Pairwise identity scores also distinguished between enteroviruses of different clusters and enteroviruses from picornaviruses of different genera. The data suggest that VP1 sequence comparisons may be valuable in enterovirus typing and in picornavirus taxonomy by assisting in the genus assignment of unclassified picornaviruses.

0 comments Cited 194 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

An outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with subgenotype C4 of human enterovirus 71 in Shandong, China.

Yong Zhang, Xiao-Juan Tan, Hai-Yan Wang … (2009)

An outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) included 1149 people in Linyi City, Shandong Province, China, in 2007: three children died. To characterize the pathogens responsible for this outbreak and to analyze their genetic features. A total of 233 clinical specimens were collected from 105 hospitalized patients, including 11 patients with severe HFMD. Virological investigations (direct RT-PCR, viral isolation and molecular identification) and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) was the main pathogen that caused this outbreak, based on clinical manifestations, epidemiological data, and laboratory results. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Shandong HEV71 isolates belonged to 3 lineages in subgenotype C4. Subgenotype C4 could be further divided into two clusters (C4a and C4b), which corresponded to two time periods. Cluster C4a HEV71 has been the predominant virus circulating in mainland China in the past 5 years. The 2007 HFMD outbreak was mainly caused by HEV71 subgenotype C4 with 3 transmission chains. This virus has been continuously circulating in China since 1998. The Shandong strains co-evolved with isolates from other provinces in mainland China and neighboring countries.

0 comments Cited 172 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Marco Salemi: Role: Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE

Journal ID (publisher-id): plos

Journal ID (pmc): plosone

Title: PLoS ONE

Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )

ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203

Publication date Collection: 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 31 January 2013

Volume: 8

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: e55480

Affiliations

[1 ]WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China

[2 ]Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China

[3 ]Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China

University of Florida, United States of America

Author notes

* E-mail: wenbo_xu1@ 123456yahoo.com.cn

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Conceived and designed the experiments: QS YZ WX. Performed the experiments: QS YZ SZ HT GH HC XL DY ZZ JL PZ HJ BZ XT HZ HA. Analyzed the data: QS YZ ZZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZZ HA. Wrote the paper: QS YZ.

Article

Publisher ID: PONE-D-12-32861

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055480

PMC ID: 3561255

PubMed ID: 23383202

SO-VID: 36cf4606-3629-4f30-bb07-0f8aa778d123

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 22 October 2012

Date accepted : 23 December 2012

Page count

Pages: 12

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 30900063 and 81101303) and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Project No. 2008BAI56B00). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Transmission of Human Enterovirus 85 Recombinants Containing New Unknown Serotype HEV-B Donor Sequences in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Principal Findings

Conclusions

Related collections

PLOS Climate

Most cited references 37

Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination.

Molecular evolution of the human enteroviruses: correlation of serotype with VP1 sequence and application to picornavirus classification.

An outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with subgenotype C4 of human enterovirus 71 in Shandong, China.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Page count

Funding

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 189

Cited by 14

Most referenced authors 533