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      Environmental Contamination during Influenza A Virus (H5N1) Outbreaks, Cambodia, 2006

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          Abstract

          To determine potential risk for bird-to-human transmission during influenza A virus (H5N1) outbreaks among backyard poultry in rural Cambodia, we collected environmental specimens. Viral RNA was detected in 27 (35%) of 77 specimens of mud, pond water, water plants, and soil swabs. Our results underscore the need for regular disinfection of poultry areas.

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          Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans.

          John H Beigel, Jeremy Farrar, Aye Han … (2005)
          Article 0 comments Cited 435 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Tropism of avian influenza A (H5N1) in the upper and lower respiratory tract.

            Eward D. Chan, Alfred Chan, George Tsao … (2007)
            Poor human-to-human transmission of influenza A H5N1 virus has been attributed to the paucity of putative sialic acid alpha2-3 virus receptors in the epithelium of the human upper respiratory tract, and thus to the presumed inability of the virus to replicate efficiently at this site. We now demonstrate that ex vivo cultures of human nasopharyngeal, adenoid and tonsillar tissues can be infected with H5N1 viruses in spite of an apparent lack of these receptors.
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              Is Open Access

              Influenza A H5N1 Replication Sites in Humans

              Mongkol Uiprasertkul, Pilaipan Puthavathana, Kantima Sangsiriwut … (2005)
              Tissue tropism and pathogenesis of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 disease in humans is not well defined. In mammalian experimental models, H5N1 influenza is a disseminated disease. However, limited previous data from human autopsies have not shown evidence of virus dissemination beyond the lung. We investigated a patient with fatal H5N1 influenza. Viral RNA was detected by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in lung, intestine, and spleen tissues, but positive-stranded viral RNA indicating virus replication was confined to the lung and intestine. Viral antigen was detected in pneumocytes by immunohistochemical tests. Tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA was seen in lung tissue. In contrast to disseminated infection documented in other mammals and birds, H5N1 viral replication in humans may be restricted to the lung and intestine, and the major site of H5N1 viral replication in the lung is the pneumocyte.
              Article 0 comments Cited 81 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): August 2008
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1303-1305
                Affiliations
                [* ]Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
                [† ]National Veterinary Research Institute, Phnom Penh
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Sirenda Vong, Chief, Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, 5 Bld Monivong, POB 983, Phenom Penh, Cambodia; email: svong@ 123456pasteur-kh.org
                Article
                Publisher ID: 07-0912
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1408.070912
                PMC ID: 2600401
                PubMed ID: 18680663
                SO-VID: 389e8023-70e1-4f55-b386-1d19b794df18
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: h5n1,dispatch,outbreak,survival,cambodia,environment,natural setting
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: h5n1, dispatch, outbreak, survival, cambodia, environment, natural setting

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