For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
Inviting an author to review:
Exercise Prescription: Pioneering the “Third Pole” for Clinical Health Management
Find an author and click ‘Invite to review selected article’ near their name.
Search for authorsSearch for similar articles
1
views
37
references
 Top references
cited by
1
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      457
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Diagnostic Imaging of A2 Pulley Injuries: A Review of the Literature

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Injury to the A2 pulley is caused by high eccentric forces on the flexor‐tendon–pulley system. Accurate diagnosis is necessary to identify the most appropriate treatment options. This review summarizes the literature with respect to using ultrasound (US) to diagnose A2 pulley injuries, compares ultrasound to magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, and identifies current knowledge gaps. The results suggest that US should be used as the primary imaging modality given high accuracy, relatively low cost, ease of access, and dynamic imaging capabilities. Manual resistance is beneficial to accentuate bowstringing, but further research is needed to determine best positioning for evaluation.

          Related collections

          Most cited references37

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Biomechanical properties of the crimp grip position in rock climbers.

          Andreas Schweizer (2001)
          Rock climbers are often using the unique crimp grip position to hold small ledges. Thereby the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints are flexed about 90 degrees and the distal interphalangeal joints are hyperextended maximally. During this position of the finger joints bowstringing of the flexor tendon is applying very high load to the flexor tendon pulleys and can cause injuries and overuse syndromes. The objective of this study was to investigate bowstringing and forces during crimp grip position. Two devices were built to measure the force and the distance of bowstringing and one device to measure forces at the fingertip. All measurements of 16 fingers of four subjects were made in vivo. The largest amount of bowstringing was caused by the flexor digitorum profundus tendon in the crimp grip position being less using slope grip position (PIP joint extended). During a warm-up, the distance of bowstringing over the distal edge of the A2 pulley increased by 0.6mm (30%) and was loaded about 3 times the force applied at the fingertip during crimp grip position. Load up to 116N was measured over the A2 pulley. Increase of force in one finger holds by the quadriga effect was shown using crimp and slope grip position.
          Article 0 comments Cited 19 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Estimation of finger muscle tendon tensions and pulley forces during specific sport-climbing grip techniques.

            L Vigouroux, Franck Quaine, R A LaBarre … (2005)
            The present work displayed the first quantitative data of forces acting on tendons and pulleys during specific sport-climbing grip techniques. A three-dimensional static biomechanical model was used to estimate finger muscle tendon and pulley forces during the "slope" and the "crimp" grip. In the slope grip the finger joints are flexed, and in the crimp grip the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint is hyperextended while the other joints are flexed. The tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis (FDP and FDS), the extensor digitorum communis (EDC), the ulnar and radial interosseus (UI and RI), the lumbrical muscle (LU) and two annular pulleys (A2 and A4) were considered in the model. For the crimp grip in equilibrium conditions, a passive moment for the DIP joint was taken into account in the biomechanical model. This moment was quantified by relating the FDP intramuscular electromyogram (EMG) to the DIP joint external moment. Its intensity was estimated at a quarter of the external moment. The involvement of this parameter in the moment equilibrium equation for the DIP joint is thus essential. The FDP-to-FDS tendon-force ratio was 1.75:1 in the crimp grip and 0.88:1 in the slope grip. This result showed that the FDP was the prime finger flexor in the crimp grip, whereas the tendon tensions were equally distributed between the FDP and FDS tendons in the slope grip. The forces acting on the pulleys were 36 times lower for A2 in the slope grip than in the crimp grip, while the forces acting on A4 were 4 times lower. This current work provides both an experimental procedure and a biomechanical model that allows estimation of tendon tensions and pulley forces crucial for the knowledge about finger injuries in sport climbing.
            Article 0 comments Cited 17 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Finger pulley injuries in extreme rock climbers: depiction with dynamic US.

              Andrea Sabine Klauser, Ferdinand Frauscher, Gerd Bodner … (2002)
              To determine the ability of dynamic ultrasonography (US) to depict finger pulley injuries in extreme rock climbers.
              Article 0 comments Cited 13 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Nelson Hager: nelson.hager@usuhs.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Ultrasound Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Ultrasound Med
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1550-9613
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JUM
                Title: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine
                Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Hoboken, USA )
                ISSN (Print): 0278-4297
                ISSN (Electronic): 1550-9613
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 August 2021
                Publication date (Print): May 2022
                Volume: 41
                Issue: 5 ( doiID: 10.1002/jum.v41.5 )
                Pages: 1047-1059
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Orthopaedics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
                [ 2 ] Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Medstar Georgetown University Hospital Washington District of Columbia USA
                [ 3 ] Department of Biomechanics University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaha Nebraska USA
                [ 4 ] Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Radiology, and Clinical Anatomy Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
                [ 5 ] Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Address correspondence to Nelson Hager, MD, MS, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814‐4799. E‐mail: nelson.hager@ 123456usuhs.edu

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2214-5369
                Article
                Publisher ID: JUM15796
                DOI: 10.1002/jum.15796
                PMC ID: 9292555
                PubMed ID: 34342037
                SO-VID: 396d823b-94cf-4cf3-8606-cb1596c8e87e
                Copyright © © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date received : 28 May 2021
                Date accepted : 30 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 2, Pages: 13, Words: 6660
                Funding
                Funded by: Musculoskeletal Injury Rehabilitation Research for Operational Readiness (MIRROR)
                Award ID: HU00011920011
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Subject: Review Article
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date May 2022
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.1.7 mode:remove_FC converted:18.07.2022

                Keywords: ct,finger injury,mri,rock climbing,us
                Data availability:
                Keywords: ct, finger injury, mri, rock climbing, us

                Comments

                Comment on this article