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      Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem Translated title: Hémoglobinopathies congénitales: un problème de santé publique d'importance croissante Translated title: Hemoglobinopatías hereditarias: un problema creciente de salud mundial

      research-article
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      Bulletin of the World Health Organization
      World Health Organization
      Hemoglobinopathies, Hemoglobinopathies, Hemoglobinopathies, Anemia, Sickle cell, Anemia, Sickle cell, Anemia, Sickle cell, Thalassemia, Thalassemia, Thalassemia, Malaria, Malaria, Genetic techniques, Child, Cost of illness, Forecasting, Hémoglobinopathie, Hémoglobinopathie, Hémoglobinopathie, Anémie cellule falciforme, Anémie cellule falciforme, Anémie cellule falciforme, Thalassémie, Thalassémie, Thalassémie, Paludisme, Paludisme, Technique génétique, Enfant, Coût maladie, Prévision, Hemoglobinopatías, Hemoglobinopatías, Hemoglobinopatías, Anemia de células falciformes, Anemia de células falciformes, Anemia de células falciformes, Talasemia, Talasemia, Talasemia, Paludismo, Paludismo, Técnicas genéticas, Niño, Costo de la enfermedad, Predicción

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          Abstract

          Despite major advances in our understanding of the molecular pathology, pathophysiology, and control and management of the inherited disorders of haemoglobin, thousands of infants and children with these diseases are dying through lack of appropriate medical care. This problem will undoubtedly increase over the next 20 years because, as the result of a reduction in childhood mortality due to infection and malnutrition, more babies with haemoglobin disorders will survive to present for treatment. Although WHO and various voluntary agencies have tried to disseminate information about these diseases, they are rarely mentioned as being sufficiently important to be included in setting health care priorities for the future. It takes considerable time to establish expertise in developing programmes for the control and management of these conditions, and the lessons learned in developed countries will need to be transmitted to those countries in which they occur at a high frequency.

          Translated abstract

          Malgré les avancées majeures dans le domaine de la pathologie moléculaire et de la physiopathologie des hémoglobinopathies congénitales ainsi que dans la lutte contre ces maladies et leur prise en charge, des milliers de nourrissons et d'enfants qui en sont atteints meurent faute de soins médicaux appropriés. Ce problème ira très probablement en s'aggravant au cours des 20 prochaines années car, la mortalité de l'enfant due aux infections et à la malnutrition diminuant, un plus grand nombre de nourrissons atteints d'hémoglobinopathies survivront et auront besoin d'un traitement. Bien que l'OMS et diverses organisations bénévoles aient déjà tenté d'attirer l'attention des autorités sanitaires sur ces maladies, celles-ci sont rarement jugées assez importantes pour figurer parmi les futures priorités de santé publique. Comme il faut un temps considérable pour acquérir les compétences nécessaires à l'élaboration de programmes de lutte contre les hémoglobinopathies et de prise en charge des cas, les acquisitions des pays développés devront être transmises rapidement aux pays où ces maladies sont très fréquentes.

          Translated abstract

          Pese a los grandes avances de nuestros conocimientos sobre la patología molecular, la fisiopatología y el control y manejo de las hemoglobinopatías hereditarias, miles de lactantes y niños afectados por esas enfermedades están muriendo por falta de atención médica apropiada. Este problema se agravará sin duda a lo largo de los próximos 20 años, dado que, como consecuencia de la disminución de la mortalidad infantil por infecciones y malnutrición, aumentará el número de niños con trastornos de la hemoglobina que sobrevivirán y necesitarán tratamiento. Aunque la OMS y diversas instituciones benéficas han procurado difundir información sobre estas enfermedades, rara vez se las considera lo suficientemente importantes para incluirlas entre las futuras prioridades de la atención sanitaria. Se necesita bastante tiempo para adquirir la competencia técnica que requiere el desarrollo de programas de control y tratamiento de estas hemoglobinopatías, por lo cual es necesario que los países desarrollados transmitan las lecciones aprendidas a los países con alta incidencia de esos trastornos.

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          Most cited references45

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          Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography.

          Blood transfusions prevent recurrent stroke in children with sickle cell anemia, but the value of transfusions in preventing a first stroke is unknown. We used transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to identify children with sickle cell anemia who were at high risk for stroke and then randomly assigned them to receive standard care or transfusions to prevent a first stroke. To enter the study, children with sickle cell anemia and no history of stroke had to have undergone two transcranial Doppler studies that showed that the time-averaged mean blood-flow velocity in the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery was 200 cm per second or higher. The patients were randomly assigned to receive standard care or transfusions to reduce the hemoglobin S concentration to less than 30 percent of the total hemoglobin concentration. The incidence of stroke (cerebral infarction or intracranial hemorrhage) was compared between the two groups. A total of 130 children (mean [+/-SD] age, 8.3+/-3.3 years) were enrolled; 63 were randomly assigned to receive transfusions and 67 to receive standard care. At base line, the transfusion group had a slightly lower mean hemoglobin concentration (7.2 vs. 7.6 g per deciliter, P=0.001) and hematocrit (20.4 vs. 21.7 percent, P=0.002). Ten patients dropped out of the transfusion group, and two patients crossed over from the standard-care group to the transfusion group. There were 10 cerebral infarctions and 1 intracerebral hematoma in the standard-care group, as compared with 1 infarction in the transfusion group -- a 92 percent difference in the risk of stroke (P<0.001). This result led to the early termination of the trial. Transfusion greatly reduces the risk of a first stroke in children with sickle cell anemia who have abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography.
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            World development report, 1993: investing in health

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              Pathogenesis and treatment of sickle cell disease.

              H Bunn (1997)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra, Genebra, Switzerland )
                0042-9686
                2001
                : 79
                : 8
                : 704-712
                Affiliations
                [02] Headington Oxford orgnameUniversity of Oxford orgdiv1John Radcliffe Hospital orgdiv2Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine England
                [01] orgnameUniversity of Oxford
                [03] Headington Oxford orgnameUniversity of Oxford orgdiv1John Radcliffe Hospital orgdiv2Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine England
                Article
                S0042-96862001000800005 S0042-9686(01)07900805
                3d5421db-058a-4eff-b37f-a0f633abc310

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Public Health Reviews

                Talasemia,Niño,Paludismo,Anemia de células falciformes,Hemoglobinopatías,Enfant,Technique génétique,Thalassémie,Anémie cellule falciforme,Hémoglobinopathie,Forecasting,Genetic techniques,Malaria,Thalassemia,Anemia, Sickle cell,Hemoglobinopathies,Costo de la enfermedad,Prévision,Paludisme,Child,Predicción,Técnicas genéticas,Coût maladie,Cost of illness

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