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      Phenomenology, Saudi Arabia, and an argument for the standardization of clinical ethics consultation

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          Abstract

          Background

          The purpose of this study is to make a philosophical argument against the phenomenological critique of standardization in clinical ethics. We used the context of clinical ethics in Saudi Arabia to demonstrate the importance of credentialing clinical ethicists.

          Methods

          Philosophical methods of argumentation and conceptual analysis were used.

          Results

          We found the phenomenological critique of standardization to be flawed because it relies on a series of false dichotomies.

          Conclusions

          We concluded that the phenomenological framing of the credentialing debate relies upon two extreme views to be navigated between, not chosen among, in the credentialing of clinical ethicists.

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          Most cited references39

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          Enough: The Failure of the Living Will

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            Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics When Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm

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              Surrogate decision making: reconciling ethical theory and clinical practice.

              The care of adult patients without decision-making abilities is a routine part of medical practice. Decisions for these patients are typically made by surrogates according to a process governed by a hierarchy of 3 distinct decision-making standards: patients' known wishes, substituted judgments, and best interests. Although this framework offers some guidance, it does not readily incorporate many important considerations of patients and families and does not account for the ways in which many patients and surrogates prefer to make decisions. In this article, the authors review the research on surrogate decision making, compare it with normative standards, and offer ways in which the 2 can be reconciled for the patient's benefit.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                abrummett@oakland.edu
                rmuaygil@ksu.edu.sa
                Journal
                Philos Ethics Humanit Med
                Philos Ethics Humanit Med
                Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine : PEHM
                BioMed Central (London )
                1747-5341
                12 March 2021
                12 March 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.261277.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2219 916X, Department of Foundational Medical Studies, , Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, ; 3331 Squirrel Court, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA
                [2 ]GRID grid.56302.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, ; 6877 Ibrahim Ibn Hadi, Riyadh, 12476 Saudi Arabia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0511-574X
                Article
                99
                10.1186/s13010-021-00099-6
                7953697
                33706761
                3db0ce71-21dd-47e6-805f-2776b7d89462
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 27 April 2020
                : 18 February 2021
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Philosophy of science
                clinical ethics consultation,saudi arabia,phenomenology,credentialing
                Philosophy of science
                clinical ethics consultation, saudi arabia, phenomenology, credentialing

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