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      Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions

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          Abstract

          Among fishes, when residents and intruders fight, residents usually win, most likely because they value the residence more than intruders. We hypothesized that enriched environments increase the value of an area in dispute, causing a resident to more fiercely defend a resource-rich environment than a poor one. However, in the present study, intruder-resident tests with the pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, showed environmental enrichment actually reduces aggression and can even lead to co-habitation without fighting. Additionally, in our experiments, the prior residence effect occurred irrespective of enrichment condition. Decreased visibility from increased habitat complexity reduces interactions between fish and consequently might explain the lower aggression observed herein.

          Translated abstract

          Em lutas entre peixes residentes e intrusos, residentes geralmente vencem, provavelmente porque valorizam o território mais do que os intrusos. Nós aventamos a hipótese de que ambientes enriquecidos aumentam o valor da área em disputa, levando os residentes a defenderem mais violentamente ambientes enriquecidos de recursos do que ambientes empobrecidos, pois possuiriam mais motivação para mantê-lo. No entanto, no presente estudo, ao testarmos as interações entre intrusos e residentes em acarás, Geophagus brasiliensis, observamos que o enriquecimento ambiental reduz a agressividade e pode levar a cohabitação entre os peixes, sem luta. Adicionalmente, em nossos experimentos, o efeito da residência prévia ocorreu independente da condição de enriquecimento. A diminuição das interações entre os peixes e, consequentemente, a diminuição do nível de agressividade é aqui atribuída aos efeitos da diminuição da visibilidade entre os peixes devido ao aumento de complexidade do ambiente.

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          Most cited references54

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          Evolution of fighting behaviour: The effect of variation in resource value

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            On Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multinomial Proportions

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              Animal behavior: an evolutionary approach

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                2010
                : 8
                : 2
                : 329-332
                Affiliations
                [01] São Vicente SP orgnameUNESP orgdiv1Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista Brazil
                [03] orgnameAnimal Welfare orgdiv1Research Center
                [02] orgnameUNESP orgdiv1Centro de Aquicultura
                Article
                S1679-62252010000200011 S1679-6225(10)00800211
                10.1590/S1679-62252010000200011
                3efe859d-faec-44b5-a031-64c2ff3c6a81

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 January 2010
                : 25 June 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)

                Cichlidae,Fighting,Territoriality,Intruder-resident paradigm,Resource holding power

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