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      • Record: found
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      Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Leaves of Melastoma malabathricum Linn.

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          Abstract

          The antidiarrhoeal effect of the water extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. (Melastomataceae) leaves were investigated by employing four experimental models of diarrhea in Swiss mice. Melastoma malabathricum water extract treated mice showed significant reduction in the fecal output and protected them from castor oil-induced diarrhoea. The extract also reduced the intestinal fluid secretion induced by magnesium sulphate and gastrointestinal motility after charcoal meal administration in the mice. No mortality and visible signs of general weakness was observed in the mice following the test extract administration up to 2000 mg/kg dose.

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          Enteropooling assay: a test for diarrhea produced by prostaglandins.

          A. Robert, J.E. Nezamis, C. Lancaster … (1976)
          An assay (enteropooling assay) to test the diarrheogenic property of prostaglandins is described. Fasted rats are given a prostaglandins either orally or subcutaneously, and are killed 30 min later. The entire small intestine is removed and its contents collected into a test tube. The greater the volume of this intestinal fluid, the more diarrheogenic is the prostaglandin. The assay is simple, rapid, quantitative, and predictive of diarrhea. It can be used to grade the relative diarrhoegenic activity of prostaglandins as well as to test agents that may block this effect. The accumulation of fluid into the small intestine is called "enteropooling". It is the sum of (a) the fluid being excreted from the blood into the lumen, and (b) to a lesser extent, the portion of fluid already into the lumen but whose absorption is inhibited by the prostaglandin. The degree of enteropooling depends also on how much fluid flows from the small to the large intestine. Our results support the hypothesis that the diarrhea observed after administration of high doses of prostaglandins is due to accumulation of abundant fluid into the small intestine, and not intestinal hypermotility. This fluid is then carried into the large intestine and eventually expelled as diarrhea. Agents other than prostaglandins were tested for enteropooling activity. Laxatives such as castor oil, hypertonic solutions and bile salts caused enteropooling.
          Article 0 comments Cited 45 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Inhibition of intestinal motility and secretion by flavonoids in mice and rats: structure-activity relationships.

            G Autore, G Carlo, M V Diurno … (1993)
            Intraperitoneal administration of some flavonoids (apigenin, flavone, kaempferol, morin, myricetin, naringin and rutin; 12.5-50 mg kg-1) significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) reduced small (28-69%) and large (83-134%) intestinal transit in mice. Other flavonoids (naringenin, silibinin, silymarin and taxifolin, 100-200 mg kg-1) reduced (23-41%; P < 0.05-0.01) intestinal transit at doses of 100-200 mg kg-1 while hesperitin, catechin and phloridzin (up to 200 mg kg-1) had no effect. This effect was antagonized by yohimbine (87-96%) and phentolamine (87-91%) but not by prazosin, propranolol, atropine, hexamethonium, mepyramine, cyproheptadine and naloxone. Yohimbine (92-96%) also antagonized the inhibitory effect of flavonols (12.5-50 mg kg-1) (P < 0.05-0.01) on intraluminal accumulation of fluid and diarrhoea induced by castor oil. By contrast, verapamil potentiated the flavonol effect. It is suggested that these effects, influenced by the structure of the molecules, are mediated by alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and calcium.
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              Antinociceptive effect of Melastoma malabathricum ethanolic extract in mice.

              M. Somchit, Sana Moin, D Israf … (2004)
              The antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract of Melastoma malabathricum (MME) was investigated using acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and hot-plate test in mice. It was demonstrated that the extract (30-300 mg/kg, i.p.) strongly and dose-dependently inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing with an ED(50) of 100 (78-160) mg/kg i.p. It also significantly increased the response latency period to thermal stimuli. Furthermore, the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone blocked the antinociceptive effect of the extract in both tests, suggesting that M. malabathricum may act both at peripheral and central levels.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Pharm Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPhS
                Title: Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
                Publisher: Medknow Publications (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0250-474X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-3743
                Publication date (Print): Nov-Dec 2009
                Volume: 71
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 691-695
                Affiliations
                School of Pharmacy, Masterskill University College Health Sciences, G-8, Jalan Kemacahaya 11, Taman Kemacahaya, Batu-9, Cheras 43200, Selangor, Malaysia
                Author notes
                [* ] Address for correspondence E-mail: anbujsunil@ 123456yahoo.co.in
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJPhS-71-691
                DOI: 10.4103/0250-474X.59556
                PMC ID: 2846479
                PubMed ID: 20376227
                SO-VID: 3f0969db-6430-4df7-8a9c-9fff63ab0448
                Copyright © © Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 05 March 2008
                Date revision received : 02 September 2009
                Date accepted : 02 December 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Short Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: castrol-induced diarrhea,water extract of the leaf,antidiarrhoeal activity,melastoma malabathricum
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: castrol-induced diarrhea, water extract of the leaf, antidiarrhoeal activity, melastoma malabathricum

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