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      Preparation and characterization of 2-hydroxyethyl starch microparticles for co-delivery of multiple bioactive agents

      research-article
      a , b , c , d
      Drug Delivery
      Taylor & Francis
      2-Hydroxyethyl starch, sustained release, co-delivery, ofloxacin, ketoprofen, microparticles, antibacterial activity

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          Abstract

          The present study reports the generation of 2-hydroxyethyl starch microparticles for co-delivery and controlled release of multiple agents. The obtained microparticles are characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. By using ofloxacin and ketoprofen as drug models, the release sustainability of the microparticles is examined at pH 1.2, 5.4, and 6.8 at 37 °C, with Fickian diffusion being found to be the major mechanism controlling the kinetics of drug release. Upon being loaded with the drug models, the microparticles show high efficiency in acting against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. The results suggest that our reported microparticles warrant further development for applications in which co-administration of multiple bioactive agents is required.

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          Most cited references45

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          Modeling and comparison of dissolution profiles.

          Over recent years, drug release/dissolution from solid pharmaceutical dosage forms has been the subject of intense and profitable scientific developments. Whenever a new solid dosage form is developed or produced, it is necessary to ensure that drug dissolution occurs in an appropriate manner. The pharmaceutical industry and the registration authorities do focus, nowadays, on drug dissolution studies. The quantitative analysis of the values obtained in dissolution/release tests is easier when mathematical formulas that express the dissolution results as a function of some of the dosage forms characteristics are used. In some cases, these mathematic models are derived from the theoretical analysis of the occurring process. In most of the cases the theoretical concept does not exist and some empirical equations have proved to be more appropriate. Drug dissolution from solid dosage forms has been described by kinetic models in which the dissolved amount of drug (Q) is a function of the test time, t or Q=f(t). Some analytical definitions of the Q(t) function are commonly used, such as zero order, first order, Hixson-Crowell, Weibull, Higuchi, Baker-Lonsdale, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hopfenberg models. Other release parameters, such as dissolution time (tx%), assay time (tx min), dissolution efficacy (ED), difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2) and Rescigno index (xi1 and xi2) can be used to characterize drug dissolution/release profiles.
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            A review on chitosan and its nanocomposites in drug delivery.

            Chitosan the second most abundant next to cellulose, naturally occurring amino polysaccharide, derived as a deacetylated form of chitin. Its nontoxic, biocompatible, antibacterial and biodegradable properties have led to significant research towards biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound-healing dressing etc. The primary amine group in chitosan are responsible for its various properties such as cationic nature, controlled drug release, muco-adhesion, in situ gelation, antimicrobial, permeation enhancement etc. This review discusses the various forms of chitosan materials such as beads, films, microspheres, nanoparticles, nanofibers, hydrogels, nanocomposites, etc. as drug delivery device and attempted to report the vast literature available on chitosan based materials in drug delivery applications. Moreover, chitosan derivatives and chitosan nanocomposites with different nanofillers and its application in drug delivery have also been reviewed.
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              Dual-drug delivery system based on hydrogel/micelle composites.

              We present a dual-drug delivery system (DDDS) of hydrogel/polypeptide micelle composites in this work. The DDDS was constructed from aspirin (Asp) dispersed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or Chitosan (CS)/PVA hydrogel and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded poly(L-glutamic acid)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) (GPG) micelles. Independent release behaviors of the two drugs are observed. Asp has a short-term release while DOX has a long-term and sustained release behavior in all the DDDSs. The release of DOX from all the DDDSs is environmentally controlled due to the pH and temperature sensitivity of the GPG micelle. Asp shows the pH controlled release behavior in CS/PVA/micelle DDDS due to the pH sensitivity of CS hydrogel. The releasing profiles were analyzed using a power law equation proposed by Peppas. It reveals that the release of Asp is anomalous transport in all the hydrogel/micelle DDDSs. The release of DOX is Fickian type in PVA/micelle system, and changes to anomalous transport in CS/PVA/micelle system according to the release exponent n.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Drug Deliv
                Drug Deliv
                Drug Delivery
                Taylor & Francis
                1071-7544
                1521-0464
                21 July 2021
                2021
                : 28
                : 1
                : 1562-1568
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University , Anantapur, India
                [b ]Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen, China
                [c ]Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen, China
                [d ]School of Education, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-6396
                Article
                1955043
                10.1080/10717544.2021.1955043
                8297403
                34286634
                40dbf73c-a058-458f-be58-0897acd906f1
                © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 2, Pages: 7, Words: 4480
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Article

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                2-hydroxyethyl starch,sustained release,co-delivery,ofloxacin,ketoprofen,microparticles,antibacterial activity

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