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      Correlation between dermoscopic and histopathological diagnoses of atypical nevi in a dermatology outpatient clinic of the Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil* Translated title: Correlação entre os diagnósticos dermatoscópico e histopatológico de nevos atípicos no ambulatório de dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND

          The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is increasing worldwide. Since it is an aggressive neoplasm, it is difficult to treat in advanced stages; early diagnosis is important to heal the patient. Melanocytic nevi are benign pigmented skin lesions while atypical nevi are associated with the risk of developing melanoma because they have a different histological pattern than common nevi. Thus, the clinical diagnosis of pigmented lesions is of great importance to differentiate benign, atypical and malignant lesions. Dermoscopy appeared as an auxiliary test in vivo, playing an important role in the diagnosis of pigmented lesions, because it allows the visualization of structures located below the stratum corneum . It shows a new morphological dimension of these lesions to the dermatologist and allows greater diagnostic accuracy. However, histopathology is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis.

          OBJECTIVES

          To establish the sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of pigmented lesions suspected of malignancy (atypical nevi), comparing both the dermatoscopic with the histopathological diagnosis, at the Dermatology Service of the outpatient clinic of Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP.

          METHODS

          Analysis of melanocytic nevi by dermoscopy and subsequent biopsy on suspicion of atypia or if the patient so desires, for subsequent histopathological diagnosis.

          RESULTS

          Sensitivity: 93%. Specificity: 42%.

          CONCLUSIONS

          Dermoscopy is a highly sensitive method for the diagnosis of atypical melanocytic nevi. Despite the low specificity with many false positive diagnoses, the method is effective for scanning lesions with suspected features of malignancy.

          Translated abstract

          FUNDAMENTOS

          A incidência do melanoma cutâneo tem aumentado mundialmente e, por ser uma neoplasia agressiva de difícil tratamento em estágios avançados, o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para cura do paciente. Os nevos melanocíticos são lesões pigmentadas benignas da pele, enquanto os nevos atípicos, por possuírem padrão histológico diferente dos nevos comuns, estão associados ao risco de desenvolvimento de melanoma cutâneo. Dessa forma, o diagnóstico clínico das lesões pigmentadas é de grande importância para diferenciar lesões benignas, atípicas e malignas. A dermatoscopia surgiu como um exame auxiliar in vivo, com papel fundamental no diagnóstico de lesões pigmentadas. Como permite a visualização das estruturas localizadas abaixo do estrato córneo, traz uma nova dimensão morfológica dessas lesões para o dermatologista, permitindo maior precisão diagnóstica, porém, o diagnóstico padrão ouro é a histopatologia.

          OBJETIVOS

          Estabelecer a sensibilidade e especificidade da dermatoscopia no Serviço de Dermatologia do Ambulatório do Hospital de Base da cidade de São José do Rio Preto, SP, no diagnóstico de lesões pigmentadas com suspeita de malignidade (nevos atípicos), comparando o diagnóstico dermatoscópico ao histopatológico.

          MÉTODOS

          Análise de nevos melanocíticos por dermatoscopia e conseqüente biópsia em caso de suspeita de atipia, ou caso o paciente desejar, para realizar posterior diagnóstico histopatológico.

          Resultados

          Sensibilidade: 93%. Especificidade: 42%.

          CONCLUSÕES

          A dermatoscopia é um método altamente sensível para o diagnóstico de nevos melanocíticos atípicos. Apesar da baixa especificidade, apresentando grande quantidade de diagnósticos falsos positivos, o método é eficaz no objetivo de rastrear lesões com características suspeitas de malignidade.

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          Most cited references55

          • Record: found
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          • Article: not found

          Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: III. Family history, actinic damage and phenotypic factors.

          A systematic meta-analysis of observational studies of melanoma and family history, actinic damage and phenotypic factors was conducted as part of a comprehensive meta-analysis of all major risk factors for melanoma. Following a systematic literature search, relative risks were extracted from 60 studies published before September 2002. Fixed and random effects models were used to obtain pooled estimates for family history (RR = 1.74, 1.41-2.14), skin type (I vs. IV: RR = 2.09, 1.67-2.58), high density of freckles (RR = 2.10, 1.80-2.45), skin colour (Fair vs. Dark: RR = 2.06, 1.68-2.52), eye colour (Blue vs. Dark: RR = 1.47, 1.28-1.69) and hair colour (Red vs. Dark: RR = 3.64, 2.56-5.37), pre-malignant and skin cancer lesions (RR = 4.28, 2.80-6.55) and actinic damage indicators (RR = 2.02, 1.24-3.29). Sub-group analysis and meta-regression were carried out to explore sources of between-study variation and bias. Sensitivity analyses investigated reliability of results and publication bias. Latitude and adjustment for phenotype were two study characteristics that significantly influenced the estimates.
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            In vivo epiluminescence microscopy of pigmented skin lesions. I. Pattern analysis of pigmented skin lesions.

            The importance of recognizing early melanoma is generally accepted. Because not all pigmented skin lesions can be diagnosed correctly by their clinical appearance, additional criteria are required for the clinical diagnosis of such lesions. In vivo epiluminescence microscopy provides for a more detailed inspection of the surface of pigmented skin lesions, and, by using the oil immersion technic, which renders the epidermis translucent, opens a new dimension of skin morphology by including the dermoepidermal junction into the macroscopic evaluation of a lesion. In an epiluminescence microscopy study of more than 3000 pigmented skin lesions we have defined morphologic criteria that are not readily apparent to the naked eye but that are detected easily by epiluminescence microscopy and represent relatively reliable markers of benign and malignant pigmented skin lesions. These features include specific patterns, colors, and intensities of pigmentation, as well as the configuration, regularity, and other characteristics of both the margin and the surface of pigmented skin lesions. Pattern analysis of these features permits a distinction between different types of pigmented skin lesions and, in particular, between benign and malignant growth patterns. Epiluminescence microscopy is thus a valuable addition to the diagnostic armamentarium of pigmented skin lesions at a clinical level.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Number of melanocytic nevi as a major risk factor for malignant melanoma.

              A study of 121 melanoma patients and 139 control subjects from the University of California, San Francisco clinics was conducted among whites to examine the relationship between number of melanocytic nevi and cutaneous melanoma. Nevi that measured 2 mm or more in diameter were counted over the body by a dermatologist and a dermatology fellow. The average number of nondysplastic melanocytic nevi that were 2 mm or greater in diameter was 97 for melanoma patients and 36 for control subjects (p less than 0.001). Relative risks were 1.6 (p = 0.43) for 11 to 25 nevi, 4.4 (p = 0.01) for 26 to 50 nevi, 5.4 (p = 0.008) for 51 to 100 nevi, and 9.8 (p = 0.001) for more than 100 nondysplastic melanocytic nevi. Relative risks were 3.8 (p = 0.001) for 1 to 5 dysplastic nevi and 6.3 (p = 0.003) for 6 or more of these lesions. Report of blistering sunburns or of a previous skin cancer and having red or blond hair at the age of 20 were also independently associated with an increased risk of cutaneous melanoma. If confirmed in larger studies, the results presented on number of nevi and melanoma risk suggest a readily identifiable melanoma-prone group that could be followed to detect early malignant melanoma.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                An Bras Dermatol
                An Bras Dermatol
                An Bras Dermatol
                Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
                Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia
                0365-0596
                1806-4841
                Mar-Apr 2013
                : 88
                : 2
                : 199-203
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Doctorate in Health Science from Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) - Emeritus Professor and Head of Dermatology of Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Dermatological Service of Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) – São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
                [2 ] Doctorate in Health Science from Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto(FAMERP) - Adjunct Professor of the Dermatology Subjec of Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) – São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
                [3 ] Doctorade in Pathology from Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) - Adjunct Professor of the Anatomical Pathology Subject of Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) – São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
                [4 ] MD, Dermatologist from the Medical School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) - Collaborator of the Dermatology Department of Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) – São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
                [5 ] Undergraduated Medicine Student - Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) – São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brazil
                Author notes
                MAILING ADDRESS: Lívia Arroyo Trídico, Rua Antonio Carlos Montanhês, 320, Mansur Daud, 15070-550 - São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil, E-mail: latridico@ 123456terra.com.br
                Article
                10.1590/S0365-05962013000200002
                3750880
                23739709
                41e984d9-a050-460c-a64c-ed7ae5d3f352
                ©2013 by Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 21 January 2012
                : 17 June 2012
                Categories
                Investigation

                dermoscopy,diagnosis,nevus, pigmented
                dermoscopy, diagnosis, nevus, pigmented

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