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      Raman Sensing and Its Multimodal Combination with Optoacoustics and OCT for Applications in the Life Sciences

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          Abstract

          Currently, many optical modalities are being investigated, applied, and further developed for non-invasive analysis and sensing in the life sciences. To befit the complexity of the study objects and questions in this field, the combination of two or more modalities is attempted. We review our work on multimodal sensing concepts for applications ranging from non-invasive quantification of biomolecules in the living organism to supporting medical diagnosis showing the combined capabilities of Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and optoacoustics.

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          Far-field optical nanoscopy.

          Stefan Hell (2007)
          In 1873, Ernst Abbe discovered what was to become a well-known paradigm: the inability of a lens-based optical microscope to discern details that are closer together than half of the wavelength of light. However, for its most popular imaging mode, fluorescence microscopy, the diffraction barrier is crumbling. Here, I discuss the physical concepts that have pushed fluorescence microscopy to the nanoscale, once the prerogative of electron and scanning probe microscopes. Initial applications indicate that emergent far-field optical nanoscopy will have a strong impact in the life sciences and in other areas benefiting from nanoscale visualization.
          Article 0 comments Cited 675 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.

            Christian W. Freudiger, Wei Min, Brian Saar … (2008)
            Label-free chemical contrast is highly desirable in biomedical imaging. Spontaneous Raman microscopy provides specific vibrational signatures of chemical bonds, but is often hindered by low sensitivity. Here we report a three-dimensional multiphoton vibrational imaging technique based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The sensitivity of SRS imaging is significantly greater than that of spontaneous Raman microscopy, which is achieved by implementing high-frequency (megahertz) phase-sensitive detection. SRS microscopy has a major advantage over previous coherent Raman techniques in that it offers background-free and readily interpretable chemical contrast. We show a variety of biomedical applications, such as differentiating distributions of omega-3 fatty acids and saturated lipids in living cells, imaging of brain and skin tissues based on intrinsic lipid contrast, and monitoring drug delivery through the epidermis.
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              Understanding protein non-folding.

              Vladimir Uversky, A. Keith Dunker (2010)
              This review describes the family of intrinsically disordered proteins, members of which fail to form rigid 3-D structures under physiological conditions, either along their entire lengths or only in localized regions. Instead, these intriguing proteins/regions exist as dynamic ensembles within which atom positions and backbone Ramachandran angles exhibit extreme temporal fluctuations without specific equilibrium values. Many of these intrinsically disordered proteins are known to carry out important biological functions which, in fact, depend on the absence of a specific 3-D structure. The existence of such proteins does not fit the prevailing structure-function paradigm, which states that a unique 3-D structure is a prerequisite to function. Thus, the protein structure-function paradigm has to be expanded to include intrinsically disordered proteins and alternative relationships among protein sequence, structure, and function. This shift in the paradigm represents a major breakthrough for biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology, as it opens new levels of understanding with regard to the complex life of proteins. This review will try to answer the following questions: how were intrinsically disordered proteins discovered? Why don't these proteins fold? What is so special about intrinsic disorder? What are the functional advantages of disordered proteins/regions? What is the functional repertoire of these proteins? What are the relationships between intrinsically disordered proteins and human diseases? Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): sensors
                Title: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8220
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 May 2019
                Publication date Collection: May 2019
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2387
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
                [2 ]Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167 Hannover, Germany; bernhard.roth@ 123456hot.uni-hannover.de
                [3 ]Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: m.wollweber@ 123456lzh.de or merve.wollweber@ 123456hot.uni-hannover.de ; Tel.: +49-511-2788-212
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7024-2484
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9389-7125
                Article
                Publisher ID: sensors-19-02387
                DOI: 10.3390/s19102387
                PMC ID: 6566696
                PubMed ID: 31137716
                SO-VID: a3e2e85f-586d-4ed8-a9d1-e9585129e68f
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 28 February 2019
                Date accepted : 15 May 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: raman spectroscopy,optical coherence tomography,optoacoustics,dermoscopy,multimodal sensing and imaging
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, optoacoustics, dermoscopy, multimodal sensing and imaging

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