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      Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain

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          Abstract

          Background

          Essential oil of Pimpinella anisum L. Apiaceae (anise oil) has been widely used in traditional Persian medicine to treat a variety of diseases, including some neurological disorders. This study was aimed to test the possible anti-seizure and anti-hypoxia effects of anise oil.

          Methods

          The effects of different concentrations of anise oil were tested on seizure attacks induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection and neuronal hypoxia induced by oxygen withdrawal as well as on production of dark neurons and induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in in vivo and in vitro experimental models of rat brain.

          Results

          Anise oil significantly prolonged the latency of seizure attacks and reduced the amplitude and duration of epileptiform burst discharges induced by injection of intraperitoneal PTZ. In addition, anise oil significantly inhibited production of dark neurons in different regions of the brain in epileptic rats. Anise oil also significantly enhanced the duration of the appearance of anoxic terminal negativity induced by oxygen withdrawal and inhibited induction of LTP in hippocampal slices.

          Conclusions

          Our data indicate the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of anise oil, likely via inhibition of synaptic plasticity. Further evaluation of anise oil to use in the treatment of neurological disorders is suggested.

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          Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type 2.

          J Schneele, Sabine Koch, Laurie Reichling … (2007)
          Essential oils from anise, hyssop, thyme, ginger, camomile and sandalwood were screened for their inhibitory effect against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro on RC-37 cells using a plaque reduction assay. Genital herpes is a chronic, persistent infection spreading efficiently and silently as sexually transmitted disease through the population. Antiviral agents currently applied for the treatment of herpesvirus infections include acyclovir and its derivatives. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined at 0.016%, 0.0075%, 0.007%, 0.004%, 0.003% and 0.0015% for anise oil, hyssop oil, thyme oil, ginger oil, camomile oil and sandalwood oil, respectively. A clearly dose-dependent virucidal activity against HSV-2 could be demonstrated for all essential oils tested. In order to determine the mode of the inhibitory effect, essential oils were added at different stages during the viral infection cycle. At maximum noncytotoxic concentrations of the essential oils, plaque formation was significantly reduced by more than 90% when HSV-2 was preincubated with hyssop oil, thyme oil or ginger oil. However, no inhibitory effect could be observed when the essential oils were added to the cells prior to infection with HSV-2 or after the adsorption period. These results indicate that essential oils affected HSV-2 mainly before adsorption probably by interacting with the viral envelope. Camomile oil exhibited a high selectivity index and seems to be a promising candidate for topical therapeutic application as virucidal agents for treatment of herpes genitalis.
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            The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following traumatic brain injury in rats: difference between neocortex and hippocampus regarding survival rate.

            Katsuji Shima, Shinji Fukui, Hidetoshi Ooigawa … (2006)
            We studied the fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons (N-DNs) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). N-DNs were investigated in the cerebral neocortex and the hippocampus using a rat lateral fluid percussion injury model. Nissl stain, acid fuchsin stain and immunohistochemistry with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK) antibody were used in order to assess posttraumatic neurons. In the neocortex, the number of dead neurons at 24 h postinjury was significantly less than that of the observed N-DNs in the earlier phase. Only a few N-DNs increased their pERK immunoreactivity. On the other hand, in the hippocampus the number of dead neurons was approximately the same number as that of the N-DNs, and most N-DNs showed an increased pERK immunoreactivity. These data suggest that not all N-DNs inevitably die especially in the neocortex after TBI. The fate of N-DNs is thus considered to differ depending on brain subfields.
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              Pharmacological treatment of headache using traditional Persian medicine.

              Ali Gorji (2003)
              Article 0 comments Cited 23 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Title: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6882
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 June 2012
                Volume: 12
                Page: 76
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Shefa Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Mashhad Neuroscience Center, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [4 ]Institut für Physiologie I, Westfalische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
                [5 ]Department of Anatomy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [6 ]Department of Pediatric, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
                [7 ]Razavi Neuroscience Center, Mashhad, Iran
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1472-6882-12-76
                DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-76
                PMC ID: 3416669
                PubMed ID: 22709243
                SO-VID: 42f68a2e-9ee8-4c51-be30-b9d1b862997b
                Copyright © Copyright ©2012 Karimzadeh et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 10 January 2012
                Date accepted : 18 June 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: traditional therapy,cephalic pain,stroke,medical plants,brain ischemia
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: traditional therapy, cephalic pain, stroke, medical plants, brain ischemia

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