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      Repurposing ICG enables MR/PA imaging signal amplification and iron depletion for iron-overload disorders

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          Indocyanine green was repurposed as iron theranostics for simultaneous detection and treatment of iron-overload disorders.

          Abstract

          Precise and noninvasive theranostic methods to quantify and deplete focal iron are of crucial importance for iron-overload disorders. Here, we developed an indocyanine green (ICG)–based imaging platform to reveal Fe 3+ in vitro and in vivo. The high sensitivity and specificity of ICG-Fe interaction facilitated MR images with a marked correlation between T 1 signal intensity ratio ( T 1SIR) changes and Fe 3+ concentration in rodent models and humans. On the basis of these findings, a rational design for coordination-driven self-assembly ICG-Lecithin (ICG/Leci) was proposed to determine Fe 3+. The enhancement of photoacoustic signal at 890 nm with increasing Fe 3+ concentration showed an over 600% higher linear slope than that of T 1SIR changes in animal models. ICG/Leci also promoted a 100% increase in iron depletion in the liver compared with deferoxamine. The high MR sensitivity and superior photoacoustic contrast, combined with enhanced iron depletion, demonstrate that ICG/Leci is a promising theranostic agent for simultaneous detection and treatment of iron-overload disorders.

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          Iron and cancer: more ore to be mined.

          Iron is an essential nutrient that facilitates cell proliferation and growth. However, iron also has the capacity to engage in redox cycling and free radical formation. Therefore, iron can contribute to both tumour initiation and tumour growth; recent work has also shown that iron has a role in the tumour microenvironment and in metastasis. Pathways of iron acquisition, efflux, storage and regulation are all perturbed in cancer, suggesting that reprogramming of iron metabolism is a central aspect of tumour cell survival. Signalling through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and WNT pathways may contribute to altered iron metabolism in cancer. Targeting iron metabolic pathways may provide new tools for cancer prognosis and therapy.
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            Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy.

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              Physiological parameters in laboratory animals and humans.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Validation
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draft
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Validation
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Validation
                Role: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: Visualization
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: Validation
                Role: Writing - review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: Visualization
                Role: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Journal
                Sci Adv
                Sci Adv
                sciadv
                advances
                Science Advances
                American Association for the Advancement of Science
                2375-2548
                December 2021
                17 December 2021
                : 7
                : 51
                : eabl5862
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
                [2 ]The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
                [3 ]Amoy Hopeful Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361027, China.
                [4 ]Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
                [5 ]Department of Radiology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
                [6 ]The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-8280
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7881-7158
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-0946
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-6223
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-8937
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-5050
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-9363
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-0870
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-5263
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-0003
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2613-7286
                Article
                abl5862
                10.1126/sciadv.abl5862
                8682994
                34919434
                4397fb63-a395-4986-a55f-2daa3d7eaa97
                Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 22 July 2021
                : 01 November 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81925019
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81422023
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81603015
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 81871404
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: U1705281
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012226, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities;
                Award ID: 20720190088
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012226, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities;
                Award ID: 20720200019
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012336, Major State Basic Research Development Program of China;
                Award ID: 2017YFA0205201
                Funded by: Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China;
                Award ID: NCET-13-0502
                Categories
                Research Article
                Physical and Materials Sciences
                SciAdv r-articles
                Research Methods
                Research Methods
                Custom metadata
                Vivian Hernandez

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