Fecal microbiota in client-owned obese dogs changes after weight loss with a high-fiber-high-protein diet

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

The fecal microbiota from obese individuals can induce obesity in animal models. In addition, studies in humans, animal models and dogs have revealed that the fecal microbiota of subjects with obesity is different from that of lean subjects and changes after weight loss. However, the impact of weight loss on the fecal microbiota in dogs with obesity has not been fully characterized.

Methods

In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiota of 20 pet dogs with obesity that underwent a weight loss program. The endpoint of the weight loss program was individually tailored to the ideal body weight of each dog. In addition, we evaluated the qPCR based Dysbiosis Index before and after weight loss.

Results

After weight loss, the fecal microbiota structure of dogs with obesity changed significantly ( _weightedANOSIM; p = 0.016, R = 0.073), showing an increase in bacterial richness ( p = 0.007), evenness ( p = 0.007) and the number of bacterial species ( p = 0.007). The fecal microbiota composition of obese dogs after weight loss was characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes (92.3% to 78.2%, q = 0.001), and increase in Bacteroidetes (1.4% to 10.1%, q = 0.002) and Fusobacteria (1.6% to 6.2%, q = 0.040). The qPCR results revealed an overall decrease in the Dysbiosis Index, driven mostly due to a significant decrease in E. coli ( p = 0.030), and increase in Fusobacterium spp. ( p = 0.017).

Conclusion

The changes observed in the fecal microbiota of dogs with obesity after weight loss with a weight loss diet rich in fiber and protein were in agreement with previous studies in humans, that reported an increase of bacterial biodiversity and a decrease of the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes.

Related collections

Most cited references 56

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins

Peter J. Turnbaugh, Micah Hamady, Tanya Yatsunenko … (2008)

The human distal gut harbors a vast ensemble of microbes (the microbiota) that provide us with important metabolic capabilities, including the ability to extract energy from otherwise indigestible dietary polysaccharides1–6. Studies of a small number of unrelated, healthy adults have revealed substantial diversity in their gut communities, as measured by sequencing 16S rRNA genes6–8, yet how this diversity relates to function and to the rest of the genes in the collective genomes of the microbiota (the gut microbiome) remains obscure. Studies of lean and obese mice suggest that the gut microbiota affects energy balance by influencing the efficiency of calorie harvest from the diet, and how this harvested energy is utilized and stored3–5. To address the question of how host genotype, environmental exposures, and host adiposity influence the gut microbiome, we have characterized the fecal microbial communities of adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs concordant for leanness or obesity, and their mothers. Analysis of 154 individuals yielded 9,920 near full-length and 1,937,461 partial bacterial 16S rRNA sequences, plus 2.14 gigabases from their microbiomes. The results reveal that the human gut microbiome is shared among family members, but that each person’s gut microbial community varies in the specific bacterial lineages present, with a comparable degree of co-variation between adult monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. However, there was a wide array of shared microbial genes among sampled individuals, comprising an extensive, identifiable ‘core microbiome’ at the gene, rather than at the organismal lineage level. Obesity is associated with phylum-level changes in the microbiota, reduced bacterial diversity, and altered representation of bacterial genes and metabolic pathways. These results demonstrate that a diversity of organismal assemblages can nonetheless yield a core microbiome at a functional level, and that deviations from this core are associated with different physiologic states (obese versus lean).

0 comments Cited 1161 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Every base matters: assessing small subunit rRNA primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities, time series and global field samples.

Alma Parada, David M Needham, Jed Fuhrman (2016)

Microbial community analysis via high-throughput sequencing of amplified 16S rRNA genes is an essential microbiology tool. We found the popular primer pair 515F (515F-C) and 806R greatly underestimated (e.g. SAR11) or overestimated (e.g. Gammaproteobacteria) common marine taxa. We evaluated marine samples and mock communities (containing 11 or 27 marine 16S clones), showing alternative primers 515F-Y (5'-GTGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA) and 926R (5'-CCGYCAATTYMTTTRAGTTT) yield more accurate estimates of mock community abundances, produce longer amplicons that can differentiate taxa unresolvable with 515F-C/806R, and amplify eukaryotic 18S rRNA. Mock communities amplified with 515F-Y/926R yielded closer observed community composition versus expected (r(2) = 0.95) compared with 515F-Y/806R (r(2) ∼ 0.5). Unexpectedly, biases with 515F-Y/806R against SAR11 in field samples (∼4-10-fold) were stronger than in mock communities (∼2-fold). Correcting a mismatch to Thaumarchaea in the 515F-C increased their apparent abundance in field samples, but not as much as using 926R rather than 806R. With plankton samples rich in eukaryotic DNA (> 1 μm size fraction), 18S sequences averaged ∼17% of all sequences. A single mismatch can strongly bias amplification, but even perfectly matched primers can exhibit preferential amplification. We show that beyond in silico predictions, testing with mock communities and field samples is important in primer selection.

0 comments Cited 947 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Obesity alters gut microbial ecology.

Ruth E Ley, Fredrik Bäckhed, Peter James Turnbaugh … (2005)

We have analyzed 5,088 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the distal intestinal (cecal) microbiota of genetically obese ob/ob mice, lean ob/+ and wild-type siblings, and their ob/+ mothers, all fed the same polysaccharide-rich diet. Although the majority of mouse gut species are unique, the mouse and human microbiota(s) are similar at the division (superkingdom) level, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes dominating. Microbial-community composition is inherited from mothers. However, compared with lean mice and regardless of kinship, ob/ob animals have a 50% reduction in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a proportional increase in Firmicutes. These changes, which are division-wide, indicate that, in this model, obesity affects the diversity of the gut microbiota and suggest that intentional manipulation of community structure may be useful for regulating energy balance in obese individuals. The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database [accession nos. DQ 014552--DQ 015671 (mothers) and AY 989911--AY 993908 (offspring)].

0 comments Cited 939 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Sandra Bermudez Sanchez

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PeerJ

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PeerJ

Journal ID (publisher-id): peerj

Journal ID (pmc): peerj

Title: PeerJ

Publisher: PeerJ Inc. (San Diego, USA )

ISSN (Electronic): 2167-8359

Publication date (Electronic): 5 October 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: e9706

Affiliations

[1 ]Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo , Teramo, Italy

[2 ]Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, United States of America

[3 ]Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Leahurst Neston, United Kingdom

[4 ]School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Leahurst Neston, United Kingdom

Article

Publisher ID: 9706

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9706

PMC ID: 7543742

PubMed ID: 33083100

SO-VID: 43a36f83-50f0-4b1f-a4f0-15422fbaacea

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

History

Date received : 23 March 2020

Date accepted : 22 July 2020

Funding

Funded by: Mars Petcare

Award ID: VCR10030

Funded by: European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and innovation program

Funded by: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement

Award ID: 713714

This work has received financial support from Mars Petcare (VCR10030) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (No. 713714) to ESR 09 (Sandra Bermudez Sanchez). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Fecal microbiota in client-owned obese dogs changes after weight loss with a high-fiber-high-protein diet

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 56

A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins

Every base matters: assessing small subunit rRNA primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities, time series and global field samples.

Obesity alters gut microbial ecology.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Funding

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 68

Cited by 13

Most referenced authors 1,957