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      Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive non‐human primates of twenty‐four zoological gardens in China

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          Abstract

          Captive primates are susceptible to gastrointestinal ( GIT) parasitic infections, which are often zoonotic and can contribute to morbidity and mortality. Fecal samples were examined by the means of direct smear, fecal flotation, fecal sedimentation, and fecal cultures. Of 26.51% (317/1196) of the captive primates were diagnosed gastrointestinal parasitic infections. Trichuris spp. were the most predominant in the primates, while Entamoeba spp. were the most prevalent in Old World monkeys ( P <  0.05). These preliminary data will improve the management of captive primates and the safety of animal keepers and visitors.

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          Phylogeny and geography predict pathogen community similarity in wild primates and humans.

          T Jonathan Davies, Amy Pedersen (2008)
          In natural systems, host species are often co-infected by multiple pathogen species, and recent work has suggested that many pathogens can infect a wide range of host species. An important question therefore is what determines the host range of a pathogen and the community of pathogens found within a given host species. Using primates as a model, we show that infectious diseases are more often shared between species that are closely related and inhabit the same geographical region. We find that host relatedness is the best overall predictor of whether two host species share the same pathogens. A higher frequency of pathogen host shifts between close relatives or inheritance of pathogens from a common ancestor may explain this result. For viruses, geographical overlap among neighbouring primate hosts is more important in determining host range. We suggest this is because rapid evolution within viral lineages allows host jumps across larger evolutionary distances. We also show that the phylogenetic pattern of pathogen sharing with humans is the same as that between wild primates. For humans, this means we share a higher proportion of pathogens with the great apes, including chimpanzees and gorillas, because these species are our closest relatives.
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            The zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and giardiasis.

            R. C. Andrew Thompson (2004)
            The taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Giardia infections are reviewed in the context of zoonotic and waterborne transmission. Evidence to support the zoonotic transmission of Giardia is very strong, but how frequent such transmission occurs and under what circumstances, have yet to be determined. Zoonotic origin for waterborne outbreaks of Giardia infection appears to be uncommon. Similarly, livestock are unlikely to be an important source of infection in humans. The greatest risk of zoonotic transmission appears to be from companion animals such as dogs and cats, although further studies are required in different endemic foci in order to determine the frequency of such transmission.
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              Emerging zoonoses and pathogens of public health significance--an overview.

              Michelle Brown (2004)
              Emerging zoonotic diseases have assumed increasing importance in public and animal health, as the last few years have seen a steady stream of new diseases, each emerging from an unsuspected quarter and causing severe problems for animals and humans. The reasons for disease emergence are multiple, but there are two main factors--expansion of the human population and globalisation of trade. Current issues such as the increasing movement of a variety of animal species, ecological disruption, uncultivatable organisms, and terrorism, all imply that emerging zoonotic diseases will in all probability, not only continue to occur, but will increase in the rate of their emergence. The recurring nature of the crises dictates that closer integration of veterinary and medical communities is warranted, along with improved education of the general public and policy makers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Med Primatol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Med. Primatol
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0684
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JMP
                Title: Journal of Medical Primatology
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0047-2565
                ISSN (Electronic): 1600-0684
                Publication date (Electronic): 07 April 2015
                Publication date (Print): June 2015
                Volume: 44
                Issue: 3 ( doiID: 10.1111/jmp.2015.44.issue-3 )
                Pages: 168-173
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Parasitology College of Veterinary Medicine Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
                [ 2 ] Veterinary Department Zoological garden of Chengdu Cheng du China
                [ 3 ] College of Life and Basic Sciences Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an China
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Guangyou Yang, Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, 46#, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.

                Tel.: +86 835 2882787;

                fax: +86 835 2885302;

                e‐mail: guangyou1963@ 123456aliyun.com

                Article
                Publisher ID: JMP12170
                DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12170
                PMC ID: 6680269
                PubMed ID: 25851745
                SO-VID: 456efde9-d9db-4f17-92fc-e5c0525386dc
                Copyright © © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Medical Primatology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date accepted : 24 February 2015
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Funding
                Funded by: Chengdu Research of Giant Panda Breeding
                Award ID: CPF‐08005
                Categories
                Subject: Short Paper
                Subject: Short Paper
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                component-id jmp12170
                cover-date June 2015
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.6.7 mode:remove_FC converted:05.08.2019

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: captive primates,entamoeba spp.,gastrointestinal parasites,trichuris spp.
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: captive primates, entamoeba spp., gastrointestinal parasites, trichuris spp.

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