Prevalence of anelloviruses (TTV, TTMDV, and TTMV) in healthy blood donors and in patients infected with HBV or HCV in Qatar

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Abstract

Background

Anelloviruses (TTV, TTMV, and TTMDV) have been associated with non A-G hepatitis. The goal of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of these anelloviruses in Qatar.

Methods

A total of 607 blood samples (500 healthy donors, and 53 HBV-and 54 HCV-positive patients) representing different nationalities were tested for the presence of TTV, TTMV, and TTMDV DNA by nested PCR.

Results

Prevalence rates for the three viruses were high in all studied groups, and exceeding 95% in the HBV group (for TTV and TTMDV). Infection with more than one type of viruses was common and significant in most of the positive patients ( p < 0.05) and ranging from 55.4% for TTV/TTMV and TTMV/TTMDV co-infections in the healthy group, to 96.3% for TTV/TTMV co-infections in the HBV group. Further, and as with most previous studies, no significant association was found between anelloviruses infections and age, nationality, or gender ( p > 0.05) albeit the detection of higher infection rates among females and Qatari subjects.

Conclusion

This was the first published study to look at prevalence of Anellowviruses in the Middle East. High prevalence rates of the three viruses in all studied groups was noted. Further studies are needed to explore and compare the different genotypes of these viruses in the region.

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Most cited references 30

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A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology.

T Nishizawa, H Okamoto, K Konishi … (1997)

By means of representational difference analysis, a viral clone (N22) of 500 nucleotides was isolated from serum of a patient (TT) with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. The N22 clone showed a poor homology to any reported sequences. Oligonucleotide primers were deduced from the N22 sequence for detecting it by polymerase chain reaction. N22 sequence in serum banded at a sucrose density of 1.26 g/cm3, indicating its association with a viral particle which was designated TT virus (TTV). Since nucleic acids of TTV were sensitive to DNase I, it would be a DNA virus. TTV DNA was detected in sera from three of the five patients with posttransfusion non-A to G hepatitis, including the index case (TT). TTV DNA titers closely correlated with aminotransferase levels in the three patients. These results indicate that TTV would be a novel DNA virus with a possible capacity to induce posttransfusion non-A to G hepatitis. Copyright 1997 Academic Press.

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Human anelloviruses: an update of molecular, epidemiological and clinical aspects.

Sonia Spandole, Danut Cimponeriu, Lavinia Berca … (2015)

Human torque teno viruses (TTVs) are new, emerging infectious agents, recently assigned to the family Anelloviridae. The first representative of the genus, torque teno virus (TTV), was discovered in 1997, followed by torque teno mini virus (TTMV) in 2000, and torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) in 2007. These viruses are characterized by an extremely high prevalence, with relatively uniform distribution worldwide and a high level of genomic heterogeneity, as well as an apparent pan-tropism at the host level. Although these viruses have a very high prevalence in the general population across the globe, neither their interaction with their hosts nor their direct involvement in the etiology of specific diseases are fully understood. Since their discovery, human anelloviruses, and especially TTV, have been suggested to be associated with various diseases, such as hepatitis, respiratory diseases, cancer, hematological and autoimmune disorders, with few arguments for their direct involvement. Recent studies have started to reveal interactions between TTVs and the host's immune system, leading to new hypotheses for potential pathological mechanisms of these viruses. In this review article, we discuss the most important aspects and current status of human TTVs in order to guide future studies.

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Torque teno virus (TTV): current status.

Shigeo Hino, Hironori Miyata (2015)

Torque teno virus (TTV), currently classified into the family Circoviridae, genus Anellovirus, was first found in a patient with non-A-E hepatitis. TTV has a single stranded circular DNA of approximately 3.8 kb. TTVs are extraordinarily diverse, spanning five groups including SANBAN and SEN viruses. Torque teno mini virus (TTMV) with approximately 2.9 kb genome also has wide variants. Recently, two related 2.2- and 2.6-kb species joined this community. Recombinations between variants are frequent. This extensive TTV diversity remains unexplained; it is unclear how TTVs could be viable, and why they require such genetic variation. An unequivocal culture system is still not available. TTVs are ubiquitous in > 90% of adults worldwide but no human pathogenicity of TTV has been fully established. Epidemiological surveys need to specify the variants being studied and clinical targets, and must calibrate the sensitivity of the assay used. Potentially interesting observations include a higher viral load in patients with severe idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, cancer and lupus. Active replication was also found in infants with acute respiratory diseases. TTV/TTMV-related viruses were found in chimpanzees, apes, African monkeys and tupaias, and also in chickens, pigs, cows, sheep and dogs. Experimentally, rhesus monkeys were persistently infected by TTV, but only 1/53 chimpanzees. TTV transcribes three species of mRNAs, 3.0-, 1.2- and 1.0-kb in the ratio of 60:5:35. Recently, at least three mRNAs were shown in chicken anaemia virus. The genomic region -154/-76 contains a critical promoter. TTV seems to have at least three proteins; however, the definite functions of these proteins await further research work. Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani: aqahtani@kfshrc.edu.sa

Enas S. Alabsi: enas.alabsi@qu.edu.qa

Raed AbuOdeh: raedabuodeh62@gmail.com

Lukman Thalib: lthalib@qu.edu.qa

Gheyath K. Nasrallah: +974-4403-4817 , gheyath.nasrallah@qu.edu.qa

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virol J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Virol. J

Title: Virology Journal

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1743-422X

Publication date (Electronic): 28 December 2016

Publication date PMC-release: 28 December 2016

Publication date Collection: 2016

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 208

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[2 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[3 ]Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[4 ]Department Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar

[5 ]Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

[6 ]Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE

Article

Publisher ID: 664

DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0664-6

PMC ID: 5198501

PubMed ID: 28031027

SO-VID: 45c88246-20b1-4245-b20c-1c671faa0ab1

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 17 June 2016

Date accepted : 2 December 2016

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008982, Qatar National Research Fund;

Award ID: UREP 15-015-3-006

Award Recipient : Gheyath K. Nasrallah

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: anelloviruses,hbv,hcv,pcr

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: anelloviruses, hbv, hcv, pcr

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Prevalence of anelloviruses (TTV, TTMDV, and TTMV) in healthy blood donors and in patients infected with HBV or HCV in Qatar

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Abstract

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Most cited references 30

A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology.

Human anelloviruses: an update of molecular, epidemiological and clinical aspects.

Torque teno virus (TTV): current status.

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Cited by 29

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