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      Sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue: data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013 Translated title: Trastornos del sueño y fatiga diurna: datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2013 Translated title: Distúrbios do sono e fadiga durante o dia: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

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          Abstract

          Abstract: This study aims to describe the prevalence of sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue and their association with socio-demographic and behavioral factors. Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2013 with 60,202 adults (≥ 18 years old) were used. The outcomes evaluated were self-reported sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue in the last two weeks. Sleep disturbance was defined as the presence of difficulty to fall asleep, frequently waking up during the night or sleeping more than usual; daytime fatigue was defined as the presence of not feeling rested and motivated during the day, feeling tired and lacking energy. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and chronic health aspects were explored as exposures for both outcomes. Prevalence of sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue were 14.9% (14.4-15.4) and 11.9% (11.4-12.3), respectively. Both outcomes were more common in women, older people, people with no formal education, smokers and among physically inactive individuals. The association with education was inverse (the highest the level of education the lower the prevalence ratio - PR - of sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue; adjusted p-value for trend < 0.001). Prevalence of sleep disturbances combined with daytime fatigue was 6.7% (6.4-7.1) and was about 6 times higher among those with three or more chronic health disturbances (PR = 6.2; 95%CI: 5.3-7.2). Strategies to decrease the prevalence of sleep disturbances and daytime fatigue should be encouraged and focused on chronically ill individuals that share other modifiable risk factors.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la prevalencia de los trastornos de sueño y fatiga diurna, y su relación con factores sociodemográficos y de comportamiento. Se manejaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud que se llevó a cabo en Brazil en 2013 con 60.202 adultos (≥ 18 años de edad). En los resultados evaluados se autoinformaron trastornos del sueño y fatiga diurna al menos durante dos semanas. El trastorno del sueño se definió como presencia o dificultad en quedarse dormido, despertarse frecuentemente durante la noche o dormir más de lo normal y sufrir fatiga diurna, así como la sensación de no haber descansado y estar inactivo de día, sintiéndose cansado y falto de energía. Se investigaron aspectos sociodemográficos, estilo de vida y dolencias crónicas como la exposición a ambos resultados. La prevalencia de trastornos de sueño y fatiga diurna fueron 14,9% (14,4-15,4) y 11,9% (11,4-12,3), respectivamente. Ambos resultados fueron más comunes en mujeres, personas con edad avanzada, sin educación formal, fumadores e individuos físicamente inactivos. La asociación con la educación fue inversa (cuanto más alto era el nivel de educación, más bajo era la PR de trastornos del sueño y fatiga diurna; valor de p ajustado para tendencia < 0,001). La prevalencia de trastornos del sueño, combinada concomitantemente con la fatiga diurna, fue 6,7% (6,4-7,1) y casi 6 veces superior entre quienes sufrían tres o más trastornos crónicos de salud (PR = 6,2; 95%CI: 5,3-7,2). Las estrategias para disminuir la prevalencia de los trastornos del sueño y fatiga diurna deberían estar promovidas y centradas en personas enfermas crónicamente que compartan otros factores de riesgo modificables.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de distúrbios de sono e fadiga durante o dia e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais. Dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde realizada no Brasil em 2013 com 60.202 adultos (≥ 18 anos) foram usados. Os desfechos avaliados foram relatos de distúrbios de sono e fadiga durante o dia nas últimas duas semanas. Distúrbios do sono foram definidos como a presença de dificuldade em cair no sono, acordar com frequência durante a noite ou dormir mais do que o usual e a fadiga durante o dia foi definida como presença de não se sentir descansado e motivado durante o dia, se sentir cansado e falta de energia. Aspectos sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida e aspectos crônicos de saúde foram explorados como exposições para ambos os desfechos. As prevalências de distúrbios de sono e fadiga durante o dia foram 14,9% (14,4-15,4) e 11,9% (11,4-12,3), respectivamente. Ambos os desfechos foram mais comuns em mulheres, idosos, pessoas sem educação formal, fumantes e pessoas que não praticam atividade física. A associação com educação foi reversa (quanto maior a escolaridade, menor a razão de prevalência - RP - de distúrbios de sono e fadiga durante o dia; valor de p ajustado para tendência < 0,001). A prevalência de distúrbios de sono simultaneamente combinados com fadiga durante o dia foi de 6,7% (6,4-7,1) e foi em torno de seis vezes maior para os que tinham três ou mais distúrbios crônicos de saúde (RP = 6,2; IC95%: 5,3-7,2). Deve-se encorajar estratégias para reduzir a prevalência de distúrbios de sono e fadiga durante o dia direcionadas a indivíduos com doenças crônicas que compartilham outros fatores de risco modificáveis.

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          Most cited references31

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          Sleep disturbances and chronic disease in older adults: results of the 2003 National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America Survey.

          To assess the association between sleep problems and chronic disease in older adults. Self-reported standardized questionnaire data from 1506 community-dwelling men and women aged 55-84 years in the continental United States who completed a 20-min telephone interview when contacted from lists of randomly selected telephone numbers. A majority of the participants (83%) reported one or more of 11 medical conditions and nearly one in four elderly respondents (age 65-84 years) had major comorbidity (i.e. four or more conditions). Depression, heart disease, bodily pain and memory problems were associated with more prevalent symptoms of insomnia. Other conditions such as obesity, arthritis, diabetes, lung diseases, stroke and osteoporosis were associated with other sleep-related problems such as breathing pauses, snoring, daytime sleepiness, restless legs or insufficient sleep (<6 h nightly). Poll findings are consistent with epidemiological studies of sleep, aging and chronic disease. These results suggest that the sleep complaints common in older adults are often secondary to their comorbidities and not to aging per se. These types of studies may be useful in promoting sleep awareness among health professionals and among older adults, especially those with heart disease, depression, chronic bodily pain or major comorbidity.
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            Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance

            Today, prolonged wakefulness is a widespread phenomenon. Nevertheless, in the field of sleep and wakefulness, several unanswered questions remain. Prolonged wakefulness can be due to acute total sleep deprivation (SD) or to chronic partial sleep restriction. Although the latter is more common in everyday life, the effects of total SD have been examined more thoroughly. Both total and partial SD induce adverse changes in cognitive performance. First and foremost, total SD impairs attention and working memory, but it also affects other functions, such as long-term memory and decision-making. Partial SD is found to influence attention, especially vigilance. Studies on its effects on more demanding cognitive functions are lacking. Coping with SD depends on several factors, especially aging and gender. Also interindividual differences in responses are substantial. In addition to coping with SD, recovering from it also deserves attention. Cognitive recovery processes, although insufficiently studied, seem to be more demanding in partial sleep restriction than in total SD.
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              Sleep problems: an emerging global epidemic? Findings from the INDEPTH WHO-SAGE study among more than 40,000 older adults from 8 countries across Africa and Asia.

              To estimate the prevalence of sleep problems and the effect of potential correlates in low-income settings from Africa and Asia, where the evidence is lacking. Cross-sectional. Community-wide samples from 8 countries across Africa and Asia participating in the INDEPTH WHO-SAGE multicenter collaboration during 2006-2007. The participating sites included rural populations in Ghana, Tanzania, South Africa, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Indonesia, and an urban area in Kenya. There were 24,434 women and 19,501 men age 50 yr and older. N/A. Two measures of sleep quality, over the past 30 days, were assessed alongside a number of sociodemographic variables, measures of quality of life, and comorbidities. Overall, 16.6% of participants reported severe/extreme nocturnal sleep problems, with a striking variation across the 8 populations, ranging from 3.9% (Purworejo, Indonesia and Nairobi, Kenya) to more than 40.0% (Matlab, Bangladesh). There was a consistent pattern of higher prevalence of sleep problems in women and older age groups. In bivariate analyses, lower education, not living in partnership, and poorer self-rated quality of life were consistently associated with higher prevalence of sleep problems (P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, limited physical functionality or greater disability and feelings of depression and anxiety were consistently strong, independent correlates of sleep problems, in both women and men, across the 8 sites (P < 0.001). A large number of older adults in low-income settings are currently experiencing sleep problems, which emphasizes the global dimension of this emerging public health issue. This study corroborates the multifaceted nature of sleep problems, which are strongly linked to poorer general well-being and quality of life, and psychiatric comorbidities.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                March 2019
                : 35
                : 3
                : e00086918
                Affiliations
                [1] Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2019000305005
                10.1590/0102-311x00086918
                45cfbc61-1f79-4872-9902-ce7cbe63b0a1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 May 2018
                : 01 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

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                Article

                Cross-sectional Studies,Health Surveys,Trastornos del Sueño,Fatiga,Estudios Transversales,Encuestas Epidemiológicas,Distúrbios do Sono,Fadiga,Estudos Transversais,Inquéritos Epidemiológicos,Sleep Disorders,Fatigue

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