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      Fadiga e sono em trabalhadores de enfermagem intensivistas na pandemia COVID-19 Translated title: Fatigue and sleep in intensive care nursing workers in the COVID-19 pandemic

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      , , , , , ,
      Acta Paulista de Enfermagem
      Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo
      Profissionais de enfermagem, Saúde do trabalhador, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, Fadiga, Qualidade do sono, Transtornos do sono-vigília, COVID-19, Pandemias, Enfermeras praticantes, Salud laboral, Unidades de cuidados intensivos, Fatiga, Trastornos de la transición sueño-vigilia, COVID-19, Pandemias, Nurse practitioners, Occupational health, Intensive care units, Fatigue, Calidad del sueño, Sleep quality, Sleep-wake transition disorders, COVID-19, Pandemics

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          Abstract

          Resumo Objetivo Analisar a relação entre fadiga, qualidade do sono, variáveis de saúde e laborais em trabalhadores de enfermagem de terapias intensivas, na pandemia COVID-19. Métodos Estudo transversal, correlacional, realizado de julho de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, com amostra aleatória e probabilística de enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem de hospitais universitários do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado questionário sociodemográfico/ocupacional, Escala de Avaliação da Fadiga e Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Nas análises utilizaram-se teste Qui-Quadrado, teste U Mann-Whitney e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 5%. Foi realizada análise de regressão binária logística. Resultados Participaram 114 trabalhadores, com prevalência de fadiga baixa e qualidade do sono ruim. A fadiga alta associou-se às variáveis ir trabalhar doente e perceber ruídos/vibrações como causa de desconforto. Técnicos de enfermagem associaram-se a qualidade do sono ruim e preocupação com a exposição a substâncias químicas. Fadiga e Qualidade do sono correlacionaram-se de forma moderada e direta. As análises ajustadas evidenciaram que enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem com fadiga alta apresentaram quatro vezes mais chances de terem qualidade do sono ruim (OR = 4,86; IC = 1,50-15,75). Conclusão A fadiga e qualidade do sono se correlacionaram de forma direta, e estão associados a fatores individuais e do trabalho. A fadiga alta aumentou as chances de ter pior avaliação da qualidade do sono. Estratégias institucionais e organizacionais devem ser revistas a fim de priorizar a proteção da saúde destes trabalhadores de enfermagem.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Analizar la relación entre fatiga, calidad del sueño, variables de salud y laborales en trabajadores de enfermería de terapias intensivas, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudio transversal, correlacional, realizado de julio de 2020 a febrero de 2021, con muestreo aleatorio y probabilístico de enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería de hospitales universitarios de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico/laboral, la Escala de Evaluación de Fatiga y el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh. Para los análisis se utilizó la prueba χ2 de Pearson, la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, con un nivel de significación de 5 %. Se realizó el análisis de regresión binaria logística. Resultados Participaron 114 trabajadores, con prevalencia de fatiga baja y sueño de mala calidad. Se relacionó la fatiga con las variables ir a trabajar enfermo y percibir ruidos/vibraciones como causa de malestar. Se relacionó a los técnicos de enfermería con el sueño de mala calidad y la preocupación por la exposición a sustancias químicas. La fatiga y la calidad del sueño se correlacionaron de forma moderada y directa. Los análisis realizados evidenciaron que enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería con fatiga alta presentaron cuatro veces más probabilidades de tener sueño de mala calidad (OR = 4,86; IC = 1,50-15,75). Conclusión La fatiga y la calidad del sueño se correlacionan de forma directa y están relacionadas con factores individuales y del trabajo. La fatiga alta aumentó las probabilidades de tener una peor evaluación de la calidad del sueño. Las estrategias institucionales y organizacionales deben ser revisadas a fin de priorizar la protección de la salud de los trabajadores de enfermería.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective To analyze the relationship between fatigue, sleep quality, variables of health and work in intensive care nursing workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional, correlational study conducted from July 2020 to February 2021 with a random and probabilistic sample of nurses and nursing technicians from university hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A sociodemographic/occupational questionnaire, the Fatigue Assessment Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used in data collection. The chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used in the analyzes, adopting a significance level of 5%. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Participation of 114 workers. There was prevalence of low fatigue and poor sleep quality. High fatigue was associated with the variables going to work sick and perceiving noise/vibrations as a cause of discomfort. Nursing technicians were associated with poor sleep quality and concern about exposure to chemical substances. Fatigue and sleep quality were moderately and directly correlated. Adjusted analyzes showed that nurses and nursing technicians with high fatigue were four times more likely to have poor sleep quality (OR = 4.86; CI = 1.50-15.75). Conclusion Fatigue and sleep quality were directly correlated and are associated with individual and work factors. High fatigue increased the chances of having worse sleep quality assessment. Institutional and organizational strategies should be reviewed in order to prioritize the health protection of these nursing workers.

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          Most cited references28

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          Anxiety, depression, trauma-related, and sleep disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

          Healthcare workers have been facing the COVID-19 pandemic, with numerous critical patients and deaths, and high workloads. Quality of care is related to the mental status of healthcare workers. This PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis, on Pubmed/Psycinfo up to October 8, 2020, estimates the prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during this pandemic. The systematic review included 70 studies (101 017 participants) and only high-quality studies were included in the meta-analysis. The following pooled prevalences were estimated: 300 % of anxiety (95 %CI, 24.2–37.05); 311 % of depression (95 %CI, 25.7–36.8); 565 % of acute stress (95 %CI - 30.6–80.5); 20,2% of post-traumatic stress (95 %CI, 9.9–33.0); 44.0 % of sleep disorders (95 %CI, 24.6–64.5). The following factors were found to be sources of heterogeneity in subgroups and metaregressions analysis: proportion of female, nurses, and location. Targeted prevention and support strategies are needed now, and early in case of future health crises.
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            Mapping sources of noise in an intensive care unit

            Summary Excessive noise in hospitals adversely affects patients’ sleep and recovery, causes stress and fatigue in staff and hampers communication. The World Health Organization suggests sound levels should be limited to 35 decibels. This is probably unachievable in intensive care units, but some reduction from current levels should be possible. A preliminary step would be to identify principal sources of noise. As part of a larger project investigating techniques to reduce environmental noise, we installed a microphone array system in one with four beds in an adult general intensive care unit. This continuously measured locations and sound pressure levels of noise sources. This report summarises results recorded over one year. Data were collected between 7 April 2017 and 16 April 2018 inclusive. Data for a whole day were available for 248 days. The sound location system revealed that the majority of loud sounds originated from extremely limited areas, very close to patients’ ears. This proximity maximises the adverse effects of high environmental noise levels for patients. Some of this was likely to be appropriate communication between the patient, their caring staff and visitors. However, a significant proportion of loud sounds may originate from equipment alarms which are sited at the bedside. A redesign of the intensive care unit environment to move alarm sounds away from the bed‐side might significantly reduce the environmental noise burden to patients.
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              Impact of Alarm Fatigue on the Work of Nurses in an Intensive Care Environment—A Systematic Review

              Background: In conditions of intensive therapy, where the patients treated are in a critical condition, alarms are omnipresent. Nurses, as they spend most of their time with patients, monitoring their condition 24 h, are particularly exposed to so-called alarm fatigue. The purpose of this study is to review the literature available on the perception of clinical alarms by nursing personnel and its impact on work in the ICU environment. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The content of electronic databases was searched through, i.e., PubMed, OVID, EBSCO, ProQuest Nursery, and Cochrane Library. The keywords used in the search included: “intensive care unit,” “nurse,” “alarm fatigue,” “workload,” and “clinical alarm.” The review also covered studies carried out among nurses employed at an adult intensive care unit. Finally, seven publications were taken into consideration. Data were analyzed both descriptively and quantitatively, calculating a weighted average for specific synthetized data. Results: In the analyzed studies, 389 nurses were tested, working in different intensive care units. Two studies were based on a quality model, while the other five described the problem of alarms in terms of quantity, based on the HTF (Healthcare Technology Foundation) questionnaire. Intensive care nurses think that alarms are burdensome and too frequent, interfering with caring for patients and causing reduced trust in alarm systems. They feel overburdened with an excessive amount of duties and a continuous wave of alarms. Having to operate modern equipment, which is becoming more and more advanced, takes time that nurses would prefer to dedicate to their patients. There is no clear system for managing the alarms of monitoring devices. Conclusion: Alarm fatigue may have serious consequences, both for patients and for nursing personnel. It is necessary to introduce a strategy of alarm management and for measuring the alarm fatigue level.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ape
                Acta Paulista de Enfermagem
                Acta paul. enferm.
                Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0103-2100
                1982-0194
                2023
                : 36
                : eAPE000881
                Affiliations
                [3] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                [4] Santa Maria RS orgnameUniversidade Franciscana Brasil
                [2] Palmeira das Missões Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                [1] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                Article
                S0103-21002023000100335 S0103-2100(23)03600000335
                10.37689/acta-ape/2023ao000881
                dbe2e6de-7a5c-444a-9f49-f4d3eb9edfda

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 July 2022
                : 18 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Intensive care units,Occupational health,Nurse practitioners,Pandemias,COVID-19,Trastornos de la transición sueño-vigilia,Fatiga,Unidades de cuidados intensivos,Salud laboral,Enfermeras praticantes,Transtornos do sono-vigília,Qualidade do sono,Fadiga,Unidades de Terapia Intensiva,Saúde do trabalhador,Pandemics,Profissionais de enfermagem,Sleep-wake transition disorders,Sleep quality,Calidad del sueño,Fatigue

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