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      Características clínicas en pacientes atendidos en una unidad de psiquiatría de emergencia en un hospital general de Perú Translated title: Clinical characteristics in patients treated at an emergency psychiatry unit in a general hospital in Peru

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción. En los últimos 10 a 20 años, la psiquiatría de emergencia ha experimentado un progreso constante en cuanto a la prestación de servicios altamente especializados y enfocados en el paciente. Este aumento global refleja desafíos en accesibilidad y calidad de atención. En el contexto peruano, la legislación de salud mental y múltiples directrices clínicas orientan la prestación de servicios, no obstante, la insuficiencia de datos representa una barrera significativa para la toma de decisiones informadas. Objetivo. Examinar y reportar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes evaluados en la Unidad de Psiquiatría de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI), de Lima, Perú, y analizar la naturaleza de los cuadros sintomatológicos y sindrómicos. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se estudiaron las interconsultas recibidas por la Unidad de Psiquiatría de Emergencia del HNGAI, entre julio y diciembre del 2022. Se aplicó un análisis factorial de los síntomas. Resultados. En 1037 pacientes vistos en interconsulta, la edad promedio fue 41,15 ± 23,52 años. El 65,2 % fueron mujeres. La tasa de derivación fue de 1,18 %. Los trastornos más frecuentes fueron los del humor (27,8 %); los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el afecto ansioso (47,3 %), insomnio (38,8 %) y ánimo depresivo (32,6 %). Con respecto al tratamiento, el más usado fueron los antipsicóticos (50,4 %). El análisis factorial exploratorio de los síntomas mostró siete factores o componentes sindrómicos importantes: psicótico, delirium, depresivo-suicida, obsesivo-compulsivo, negativo, apático, ansioso. Conclusión. El paciente típico de esta muestra fue mujer al inicio de su cuarta década de vida. Los trastornos del humor y los síntomas ansiosos fueron los más comunes. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró la presencia de siete síndromes. Es necesario incrementar la recopilación sistemática de datos e inversión en investigación en psiquiatría de emergencia, todo con la finalidad de mejorar la atención que se brinda a estos pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction. In the last 10 to 20 years, emergency psychiatry has undergone consistent progress in providing highly specialized and patient-focused services. This global advancement reflects challenges in accessibility and quality of care. In the Peruvian context, mental health legislation and various clinical guidelines guide service provision; however, the lack of data constitutes a significant barrier to informed decision-making. Objective. The objective of this study was to examine and report the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients evaluated at the Emergency Psychiatry Unit of the National Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen Hospital (HNGAI) in Lima, Peru, and analyze the nature of the symptomatic and syndromic profiles present. Methods. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Interconsultations received by the Emergency Psychiatry Unit of HNGAI between July and December 2022 were analyzed. A factorial analysis of symptoms was conducted. Results. Out of a total of 1037 patients seen in interconsultation, the mean age was 41.15 ± 23.52 years. 65.2% of the patients were female. The referral rate was 1.18%. Mood disorders (27.8%) were the most frequent diagnoses, with anxious affect (47.3%), insomnia (38.8%), and depressive mood (32.6%) being the most common symptoms. Antipsychotics (50.4%) were the most used treatment modality. Exploratory factor analysis of symptoms revealed the presence of seven important syndromic factors: psychotic, delirium, depressive-suicidal, obsessive-compulsive, negative, apathetic, and anxious. Conclusion. The typical patient in this sample was a female in the early forties. Mood disorders and anxious symptoms were the most prevalent. Exploratory factor analysis identified the presence of seven syndromes. There is a need to increase systematic data collection and investment in emergency psychiatry research to enhance the care provided to these patients.

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          Most cited references36

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          The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.

          Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
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            Trends in Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits Among Youth and Young Adults in the US

            Between 2011 and 2015, there was an increase in psychiatric ED visits among youth 6 to 24 years of age in the United States. Video Abstract BrightcoveDefaultPlayer 10.1542/5995527122001 PEDS-VA_2018-2192 Visits to the emergency department (ED) for psychiatric purposes are an indicator of chronic and acute unmet mental health needs. In the current study, we examined if psychiatric ED visits among individuals 6 to 24 years of age are increasing nationwide. ED data came from the 2011–2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national survey of ED visits across the United States. Psychiatric ED visits were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and reason-for-visit codes. Survey-weighted logistic regression analyses were employed to examine trends in as well as correlates of psychiatric ED visits. Data from the US Census Bureau were used to examine population rates. Between 2011 and 2015, there was a 28% overall increase (from 31.3 to 40.2) in psychiatric ED visits per 1000 youth in the United States. The largest increases in psychiatric ED visits per 1000 US youth were observed among adolescents (54%) and African American (53%) and Hispanic patients (91%). A large increase in suicide-related visits (by 2.5-fold) was observed among adolescents (4.6–11.7 visits per 1000 US youth). Although psychiatric ED visits were long (51% were ≥3 hours in length), few (16%) patients were seen by a mental health professional during their visit. Visits to the ED for psychiatric purposes among youth are rising across the United States. Psychiatric expertise and effective mental health treatment options, particular those used to address the rising suicide epidemic among adolescents, are needed in the ED.
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              Psychiatric emergency admissions during and after COVID-19 lockdown: short-term impact and long-term implications on mental health

              Background The ‘lockdown’ measures, adopted to restrict population movements in order to help curb the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contributed to a global mental health crisis. Although several studies have extensively examined the impact of lockdown measures on the psychological well-being of the general population, little is known about long-term implications. This study aimed to identify changes in psychiatric emergency department (ED) admissions between two 8-week periods: during and immediately after lifting the lockdown. Methods Socio-demographic and clinical information on 1477 psychiatric ED consultations at the University Hospital of Geneva (HUG) were retrospectively analyzed. Results When grouped according to admission dates, contrary to what we expected, the post-lockdown group presented with more severe clinical conditions (as measured using an urgency degree index) compared to their lockdown counterparts. Notably, after the lockdown had been lifted we observed a statistically significant increase in suicidal behavior and psychomotor agitation and a decrease in behavior disorder diagnoses. Furthermore, more migrants arrived at the HUG ED after the lockdown measures had been lifted. Logistic regression analysis identified diagnoses of suicidal behavior, behavioral disorders, psychomotor agitation, migrant status, involuntary admission, and private resident discharge as predictors of post-lockdown admissions. Conclusions Collectively, these findings can have implications concerning the prioritization of mental health care facilities and access for patients at risk of psychopathological decompensation in time of confinement policies, but above all, provide a foundation for future studies focusing on the long-term impact of the pandemic and its associated sanitary measures on mental health. Trial registration Research Ethics Committee of Geneva, Registration number 2020–01510, approval date: 29 June 2020.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                afm
                Anales de la Facultad de Medicina
                An. Fac. med.
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina (Lima, , Peru )
                1025-5583
                December 2023
                : 84
                : 4
                : 399-409
                Affiliations
                [3] Ica orgnameUniversidad Privada San Juan Bautista orgdiv1Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana Peru
                [2] Lima orgnameHospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen orgdiv1Departamento de Psiquiatría orgdiv2Unidad de Investigación Perú
                [1] Lima orgnameHospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen orgdiv1Servicio de Psiquiatría de Adultos orgdiv2Unidad de Psiquiatría de Emergencia Perú
                Article
                S1025-55832023000400399 S1025-5583(23)08400400399
                10.15381/anales.v84i4.26196
                46699f12-b1fc-45cc-87a7-7256cca2a6f8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 September 2023
                : 06 December 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Psiquiatría,Peru,Referral and Consultation,Emergency Medical System,Hospital Psychiatry Service,Psychiatry,Perú,Derivación y Consulta,Sistema Médico de Emergencia,Servicio de Psiquiatría en Hospital

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