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      Prevalência e fatores associados ao hábito de fumar de gestantes na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil Translated title: The prevalence of and factors associated with smoking in pregnant women in the city São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Objetivos:estimar a prevalência e investigar os fatores associados ao hábito de fumar de gestantes na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão.Métodos:estudo de corte seccional em amostra de 5212 gestantes assistidas em onze hospitais de São Luís em 2010. Informações sobre hábito de fumar e características socioeconômicas, demográficas, de saúde reprodutiva e hábitos de vida foram obtidos utilizando questionário padronizado. Estimativa da prevalência e cálculo de odds ratio (OR), com seus respectivos Intervalos de Confiança de 95% (IC95%), foram obtidos em um modelo de regressão logística. Os dados foram analisados no programa estatístico STATA 12.0.Resultados:a prevalência do hábito de fumar na gravidez foi 4,1% (IC95%:3,55-4,64). Os fatores associados ao hábito de fumar foram: ausência de religião (OR=1,58; IC95%:1,11-2,26); não ter companheiro (OR=1,66; IC95%:1,15-2,38); as categorias 2 a 4 partos (OR=2,25; IC95%:1,54-3,29) e cinco partos ou mais (OR=2,50; IC95%:1,23-5,05); 0 a 3 consultas pré-natais (OR=2,75; IC95%:1,74- 4,34); classe econômica D/E (OR=2,75; IC95%:1,22- 6,19); e consumo de álcool (OR=7,61; IC95%:5,50- 10,55).Conclusões:a prevalência do hábito de fumar foi baixa. Houve redução do tabagismo em São Luís de 5,9%, em 1997/98, para 4,1%, no presente estudo. É necessário que intervenções mais enfáticas sejam dirigidas às gestantes com os fatores de vulnerabilidade encontrados.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives:to estimate the prevalence and investigate the factors associated with smoking among pregnant women in the city of São Luís, Maranhão.Methods:a cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 5,212 pregnant women attending eleven hospitals in São Luís in 2010. Information on smoking and socio-economic, demographic, reproductive health and lifestyle characteristics were obtained using a standardized questionnaire. The prevalence was estimated and the odds ratio (OR) calculated, with respective confidence intervals of 95% (CI95%), using a logistic regression model. The data were analyzed using the STATA 12.0 software package.Results:the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy was 4.1% (CI95%:3.55-4.64). The factors associated with smoking were: lack of religion (OR=1.58; CI95%:1.11-2.26); not having a partner (OR=1.66; CI95%:1.15-2.38); having had 2 to 4 births (OR=2.25; CI95%:1.54-3.29) or five births or more (OR=2.50; CI95%:1.23-5.05); 0 to 3 prenatal consultations (OR=2.75; CI95%:1.74-4.34); economic class D/E (OR=2.75; CI95%:1.22-6.19); and alcohol consumption (OR=7.61; CI95%:5.50- 10.55).Conclusions:the prevalence of smoking was low. There was a reduction in smoking in São Luís from 5.9%, in 1997/98, to 4.1% in the present study. More emphatic interventions should be directed at pregnant women with the identified risk profile.

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          Most cited references33

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          WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013: Enforcing Bans on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship

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            WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2013, Enforcing Bans on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship

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              Trends and risk groups for smoking during pregnancy in Finland and other Nordic countries.

              Reductions in maternal smoking can prevent pregnancy complications and adverse effects to foetus. Our objective was to study how the prevalence of maternal smoking differs between Nordic countries, and to identify target groups for smoking-cessation interventions. Information on maternal smoking and background factors was requested from the Nordic countries (the Danish National Board of Health, the Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare, the Public Health Institute in Iceland, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare). Data on maternal smoking were received from 1991 to 2010 in Denmark, 1987 to 2010 in Finland, 1999 to 2009 in Norway and 1983 to 2008 in Sweden. Trends in smoking were studied by using test for relative proportion. The prevalence of maternal smoking in early pregnancy has declined in the countries during the past 20 years (Denmark: from 30.6 to 12.5%; Norway: 20.6 to 16.5% and Sweden: 31.4 to 6.9%), except in Finland (a steady prevalence at 15%). The highest rates of smoking in early pregnancy were among teenagers (24% in Sweden and 49% in Finland and Norway). Single women were 2-3 times more likely to smoke than married women. The women in the lowest socioeconomic group were 6-7 times more likely to smoke than women in the highest group in Finland and Norway. Maternal smoking and its trends differed between the Nordic countries. The highest smoking rates during pregnancy were observed among teenagers, single women and women with a low socioeconomic position. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbsmi
                Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil
                Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.
                Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (Recife )
                1806-9304
                September 2015
                : 15
                : 3
                : 325-335
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Maranhão Brazil
                Article
                S1519-38292015000300325
                10.1590/S1519-38292015000300008
                473ae8de-2ef9-4082-8809-2c209dbaed1f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1519-3829&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                Pregnancy,Smoking,Alcohol drinking,Religion,Gravidez,Hábito de fumar,Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas,Religião

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