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      Two novel hierarchical homogeneous nanoarchitectures of TiO 2 nanorods branched and P25-coated TiO 2 nanotube arrays and their photocurrent performances

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          Abstract

          We report here for the first time the synthesis of two novel hierarchical homogeneous nanoarchitectures of TiO 2 nanorods branched TiO 2 nanotube arrays (BTs) and P25-coated TiO 2 nanotube arrays (PCTs) using two-step method including electrochemical anodization and hydrothermal modification process. Then the photocurrent densities versus applied potentials of BTs, PCTs, and pure TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) were investigated as well. Interestingly, at -0.11 V and under the same illumination condition, the photocurrent densities of BTs and PCTs show more than 1.5 and 1 times higher than that of pure TNTAs, respectively, which can be mainly attributed to significant improvement of the light-absorbing and charge-harvesting efficiency resulting from both larger and rougher surface areas of BTs and PCTs. Furthermore, these dramatic improvements suggest that BTs and PCTs will achieve better photoelectric conversion efficiency and become the promising candidates for applications in DSSCs, sensors, and photocatalysis.

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          Use of highly-ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells.

          Gopal K. Mor, Karthik Shankar, Maggie Paulose … (2006)
          We describe the use of highly ordered transparent TiO(2) nanotube arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Highly ordered nanotube arrays of 46-nm pore diameter, 17-nm wall thickness, and 360-nm length were grown perpendicular to a fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass substrate by anodic oxidation of a titanium thin film. After crystallization by an oxygen anneal, the nanotube arrays are treated with TiCl(4) to enhance the photogenerated current and then integrated into the DSC structure using a commercially available ruthenium-based dye. Although the negative electrode is only 360-nm-thick, under AM 1.5 illumination the generated photocurrent is 7.87 mA/cm(2), with a photocurrent efficiency of 2.9%. Voltage-decay measurements indicate that the highly ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays, in comparison to nanoparticulate systems, have superior electron lifetimes and provide excellent pathways for electron percolation. Our results indicate that remarkable photoconversion efficiencies may be obtained, possibly to the ideal limit of approximately 31% for a single photosystem scheme, with an increase of the nanotube-array length to several micrometers.
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            Photocatalytic Carbon-Nanotube-TiO2Composites

            Karran Woan, Georgios Pyrgiotakis, Wolfgang Sigmund (2009)
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              Enhanced photocleavage of water using titania nanotube arrays.

              Gopal K. Mor, Karthik Shankar, Maggie Paulose … (2005)
              In this study highly ordered titania nanotube arrays of variable wall thickness are used to photocleave water under ultraviolet irradiation. We demonstrate that the wall thickness and length of the nanotubes can be controlled via anodization bath temperature. We find that the nanotube wall thickness is a key parameter influencing the magnitude of the photoanodic response and the overall efficiency of the water-splitting reaction. For 22 nm inner pore diameter nanotube arrays, those fabricated in a 5 degrees C anodization bath, 224 nm length and 34 nm wall thickness produced a photoanodic response that was thrice that of a nanotube array fabricated in a 50 degrees C anodization bath, 120 nm length and 9 nm wall-thickness. At high anodic polarization, above 1 V, the quantum efficiency under 337 nm illumination was greater than 90%. For the 5 degrees C anodization bath samples (22 nm pore-diameter, 34 nm wall thickness), upon 320-400 nm illumination at an intensity of 100 mW/cm(2), hydrogen gas was generated at the power-time normalized rate of 960 micromol/h W (24 mL/h W) at an overall conversion efficiency of 6.8%. To the best of our knowledge, this hydrogen generation rate is the highest reported for a titania-based photoelectrochemical cell.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanoscale Res Lett
                Title: Nanoscale Research Letters
                Publisher: Springer
                ISSN (Print): 1931-7573
                ISSN (Electronic): 1556-276X
                Publication date Collection: 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 January 2011
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 1
                Page: 91
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
                [2 ]School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xiangfan University, Xiangfan 441053, Hubei, P. R. China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1556-276X-6-91
                DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-6-91
                PMC ID: 3212241
                PubMed ID: 21711607
                SO-VID: 4a2a8523-17d9-4624-b6fe-ec8adf640ab3
                Copyright © Copyright ©2011 Hu et al; licensee Springer.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 28 July 2010
                Date accepted : 18 January 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Nano Express

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanomaterials
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanomaterials

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