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      Time-Restricted Eating: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Challenges in Translation

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      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 , ∗
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: iScience
      Publisher: Elsevier
      Keywords: Biological Sciences, Chronobiology, Nutrition

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          Abstract

          Eating out of phase with daily circadian rhythms induces metabolic desynchrony in peripheral metabolic organs and may increase chronic disease risk. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary approach that consolidates all calorie intake to 6- to 10-h periods during the active phase of the day, without necessarily altering diet quality and quantity. TRE reduces body weight, improves glucose tolerance, protects from hepatosteatosis, increases metabolic flexibility, reduces atherogenic lipids and blood pressure, and improves gut function and cardiometabolic health in preclinical studies. This review discusses the importance of meal timing on the circadian system, the metabolic health benefits of TRE in preclinical models and humans, the possible mechanisms of action, the challenges we face in implementing TRE in humans, and the possible consequences of delaying initiation of TRE.

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          Biological Sciences; Chronobiology; Nutrition

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          Coordinated transcription of key pathways in the mouse by the circadian clock.

          Satchidananda Panda, Marina P. Antoch, Brooke H. Miller … (2002)
          In mammals, circadian control of physiology and behavior is driven by a master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. We have used gene expression profiling to identify cycling transcripts in the SCN and in the liver. Our analysis revealed approximately 650 cycling transcripts and showed that the majority of these were specific to either the SCN or the liver. Genetic and genomic analysis suggests that a relatively small number of output genes are directly regulated by core oscillator components. Major processes regulated by the SCN and liver were found to be under circadian regulation. Importantly, rate-limiting steps in these various pathways were key sites of circadian control, highlighting the fundamental role that circadian clocks play in cellular and organismal physiology.
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            Generation of circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

            Michael Hastings, Marco Brancaccio, Elizabeth S Maywood (2018)
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              Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

              Michael J. Wilkinson, Emily N.C. Manoogian, Adena Zadourian … (2019)
              In animal models, time-restricted feeding (TRF) can prevent and reverse aspects of metabolic diseases. Time-restricted eating (TRE) in human pilot studies reduces the risks of metabolic diseases in otherwise healthy individuals. However, patients with diagnosed metabolic syndrome often undergo pharmacotherapy, and it has never been tested whether TRE can act synergistically with pharmacotherapy in animal models or humans. In a single-arm, paired-sample trial, 19 participants with metabolic syndrome and a baseline mean daily eating window of ≥14 h, the majority of whom were on a statin and/or antihypertensive therapy, underwent 10 h of TRE (all dietary intake within a consistent self-selected 10 h window) for 12 weeks. We found this TRE intervention improves cardiometabolic health for patients with metabolic syndrome receiving standard medical care including high rates of statin and anti-hypertensive use. TRE is a potentially powerful lifestyle intervention that can be added to standard medical practice to treat metabolic syndrome. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Leonie K. Heilbronn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): iScience
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): iScience
                Title: iScience
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2589-0042
                Publication date PMC-release: 15 May 2020
                Publication date Collection: 26 June 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 May 2020
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 101161
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
                [2 ]Life-Long Health Research Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
                [3 ]NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2589-0042(20)30346-1 Publisher ID: 101161
                DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101161
                PMC ID: 7262456
                PubMed ID: 32480126
                SO-VID: 4b3f9475-216b-4545-9205-50cc3c065a3d
                Copyright © © 2020 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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                Subject: Review

                Keywords: biological sciences,chronobiology,nutrition
                Data availability:
                Keywords: biological sciences, chronobiology, nutrition

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