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      FIP1L1-PDGFRA-Positive Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia: A Low-Burden Disease with Dramatic Response to Imatinib - A Report of 5 Cases from South India Translated title: FIP1L1-PDGFRA Pozitif Kronik Eozinofilik Lösemi: İmatinib için Dramatik Yanıt ile Bir Düşük Yük Hastalığı-Güney Hindistan’dan 5 Olgu Sunumu

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          Abstract

          Objective: Eosinophilia associated with FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearrangement represents a subset of chronic eosinophilic leukemia and affected patients are sensitive to imatinib treatment. This study was undertaken to learn the prevalence and associated clinicopathologic and genetic features of FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearrangement in a cohort of 26 adult patients presenting with profound eosinophilia (>1.5x10 9/L).

          Materials and Methods: Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis were used for the detection of FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearrangement.

          Results: Five male patients with splenomegaly carried the FIP1L1-PDGFRA gene rearrangement. All patients achieved complete hematological response within 4 weeks of starting imatinib. One patient had previous deep vein thrombosis and 1 patient had cardiomyopathy, which improved with steroids and imatinib. Conventional cytogenetics was normal in all these patients. No primary resistance to imatinib was noted.

          Conclusion: This study indicates the need to do the FIP1L1-PDGFRA assay in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome. Prompt treatment of this condition with imatinib can lead to complete hematological response and resolution of the organ damage that can be seen in this setting.

          Translated abstract

          Amaç: FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearranjmanı ilişkili eozinofili, kronik eozinofilik löseminin bir alt grubunu temsil eder ve etkilenen hastalar imatinib tedavisine duyarlıdır. Bu çalışma, şiddetli eozinofili ile başvuran 26 erişkin hastadan oluşan bir grupta FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearranjmanının klinikopatolojik ve genetik yaygınlığını, ve özelliklerini öğrenmek için yapıldı.

          Gereç ve Yöntemler: FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearranjmanının tespiti için revers-transkriptaz polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ve jel elektroforezi kullanıldı.

          Bulgular: Splenomegaliye sahip beş erkek hasta FIP1L1-PDGFRA gen yeniden düzenlenmesini taşıyordu. İmatinib başlangıcından 4 hafta içinde tüm hastalarda tam hematolojik yanıt elde etti. Bir hastada önceden var olan derin ven trombozu ve 1 hastada steroid ve imatinib ile düzelen kardiyomiyopati vardı. Tüm bu hastalarda konvansiyonel sitogenetik normaldi. İmatinibe karşı birincil direnç kaydedilmedi.

          Sonuç: Bu çalışma hipereozinofilik sendromlu hastalarda FIP1L1-PDGFRA testinin yapılması gerektiğini gösterir. Imatinib ile bu durumun acil tedavisi tam hematolojik yanıta ve bu durumda görülebilecek organ hasarının engellenmesine yol açabilir.

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          Contemporary consensus proposal on criteria and classification of eosinophilic disorders and related syndromes.

          Eosinophilia is an important indicator of various neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions. Depending on the underlying disease and mechanisms, eosinophil infiltration can lead to organ dysfunction, clinical symptoms, or both. During the past 2 decades, several different classifications of eosinophilic disorders and related syndromes have been proposed in various fields of medicine. Although criteria and definitions are, in part, overlapping, no global consensus has been presented to date. The Year 2011 Working Conference on Eosinophil Disorders and Syndromes was organized to update and refine the criteria and definitions for eosinophilic disorders and to merge prior classifications in a contemporary multidisciplinary schema. A panel of experts from the fields of immunology, allergy, hematology, and pathology contributed to this project. The expert group agreed on unifying terminologies and criteria and a classification that delineates various forms of hypereosinophilia, including primary and secondary variants based on specific hematologic and immunologic conditions, and various forms of the hypereosinophilic syndrome. For patients in whom no underlying disease or hypereosinophilic syndrome is found, the term hypereosinophilia of undetermined significance is introduced. The proposed novel criteria, definitions, and terminologies should assist in daily practice, as well as in the preparation and conduct of clinical trials. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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            A tyrosine kinase created by fusion of the PDGFRA and FIP1L1 genes as a therapeutic target of imatinib in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.

            Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome involves a prolonged state of eosinophilia associated with organ dysfunction. It is of unknown cause. Recent reports of responses to imatinib in patients with the syndrome suggested that an activated kinase such as ABL, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), or KIT, all of which are inhibited by imatinib, might be the cause. We treated 11 patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome with imatinib and identified the molecular basis for the response. Nine of the 11 patients treated with imatinib had responses lasting more than three months in which the eosinophil count returned to normal. One such patient had a complex chromosomal abnormality, leading to the identification of a fusion of the Fip1-like 1 (FIP1L1) gene to the PDGFRalpha (PDGFRA) gene generated by an interstitial deletion on chromosome 4q12. FIP1L1-PDGFRalpha is a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that transforms hematopoietic cells and is inhibited by imatinib (50 percent inhibitory concentration, 3.2 nM). The FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene was subsequently detected in 9 of 16 patients with the syndrome and in 5 of the 9 patients with responses to imatinib that lasted more than three months. Relapse in one patient correlated with the appearance of a T674I mutation in PDGFRA that confers resistance to imatinib. The hypereosinophilic syndrome may result from a novel fusion tyrosine kinase - FIP1L1-PDGFRalpha - that is a consequence of an interstitial chromosomal deletion. The acquisition of a T674I resistance mutation at the time of relapse demonstrates that FIP1L1-PDGFRalpha is the target of imatinib. Our data indicate that the deletion of genetic material may result in gain-of-function fusion proteins. Copyright 2003 Massachusetts Medical Society
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              The hypereosinophilic syndrome: analysis of fourteen cases with review of the literature.

              Several closely related disease entities make up the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). The syndrome is manifest by persistent and prolonged eosinophilia with organ damage. A group of 14 patients had hematologic, cardiac, and neurologic abnormalities attributable to this disease. Patient survival and response to chemotherapy was significantly better in this group than in previously reported patients. The etiology of HES remains unknown, as does the mechanism of tissue damage.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Turk J Haematol
                Turk J Haematol
                TJH
                Turkish Journal of Hematology
                Galenos Publishing
                1300-7777
                1308-5263
                March 2014
                5 March 2014
                : 31
                : 1
                : 56-60
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Karnataka, India
                [2 ] Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Karnataka, India
                [3 ] Oncquest Laboratories Ltd., New Delhi, India
                Author notes
                * Address for Correspondence: Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Karnataka, India Phone: +91 9980446774 E-mail: anianeel@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                1190
                10.4274/Tjh.2013.0086
                3996631
                24764730
                4bb444e7-1caa-49e6-aab2-931b4983a851
                © Turkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 8 March 2013
                : 8 July 2013
                Categories
                Research Article

                pdgfra,chronic eosinophilic leukemia,imatinib,india
                pdgfra, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, imatinib, india

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