Biosynthesis of Bt-Ag <sub>2</sub>O nanoparticles using <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and their pesticidal and antimicrobial activities

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Abstract

Nanosilver oxide exhibits strong antibacterial and photocatalytic properties and has shown great application potential in food packaging, biochemical fields, and other fields involving diseases and pest control. In this study, Ag ₂O nanoparticles were synthesized using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt-Ag ₂O NPs). The physicochemical characteristics of the Bt-Ag ₂O NPs were analyzed by UV‒vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and zeta potential. The phis-chemical characterization revealed that the Bt-Ag ₂O NPs are in spherical shape with the small particle size (18.24 nm), high crystallinity, well dispersity, and stability. The biopesticidal and antifungal effects of Bt-Ag ₂O NPs were tested against Tribolium castaneum, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium chrysogenum. The survival, growth, and reproduction of tested pests and molds were significantly inhibited by Bt-Ag ₂O NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Bt-Ag ₂O NPs showed higher pesticidal activities against T. castaneum than Bt and commercial Ag ₂O NPs. The LC ₅₀ values of Bt, Ag ₂O NPs, and Bt-Ag ₂O NPs were 0.139%, 0.072%, and 0.06% on day 14, respectively. The Bt-Ag ₂O NPs also showed well antifungal activities against A. flavus and P. chrysogenum, while it resulted a small inhibition zone than commercial Ag ₂O NPs did. In addition, A. flavus showed much more sensitive to Bt-Ag ₂O NP treatments, compared to P. chrysogenum. Our results revealed that Bt-Ag ₂O NPs synthesized using B. thuringiensis could act as pesticides and antifungal agents in stored-product fields.

Key points

• Bt-Ag ₂ O NPs could be synthesized using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

• The NPs showed a high degree of crystallinity, spherical shape, and small particle size .

• The NPs also showed excellent insecticidal and antifungal activity.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-023-12859-9.

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Most cited references 52

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The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: present situation and prospects for the future

Linlin Wang, Chen Hu, Longquan Shao (2017)

Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used to target bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Nanotechnology may be particularly advantageous in treating bacterial infections. Examples include the utilization of NPs in antibacterial coatings for implantable devices and medicinal materials to prevent infection and promote wound healing, in antibiotic delivery systems to treat disease, in bacterial detection systems to generate microbial diagnostics, and in antibacterial vaccines to control bacterial infections. The antibacterial mechanisms of NPs are poorly understood, but the currently accepted mechanisms include oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, and non-oxidative mechanisms. The multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action against microbes would require multiple simultaneous gene mutations in the same bacterial cell for antibacterial resistance to develop; therefore, it is difficult for bacterial cells to become resistant to NPs. In this review, we discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of NPs against bacteria and the factors that are involved. The limitations of current research are also discussed.

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An array of physical, chemical and biological methods have been used to synthesize nanomaterials. In order to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles of particular shape and size specific methodologies have been formulated. Although ultraviolet irradiation, aerosol technologies, lithography, laser ablation, ultrasonic fields, and photochemical reduction techniques have been used successfully to produce nanoparticles, they remain expensive and involve the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is a growing concern to develop environment-friendly and sustainable methods. Since the synthesis of nanoparticles of different compositions, sizes, shapes and controlled dispersity is an important aspect of nanotechnology new cost-effective procedures are being developed. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. Biosynthesis of gold, silver, gold-silver alloy, selenium, tellurium, platinum, palladium, silica, titania, zirconia, quantum dots, magnetite and uraninite nanoparticles by bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeasts and viruses have been reported. However, despite the stability, biological nanoparticles are not monodispersed and the rate of synthesis is slow. To overcome these problems, several factors such as microbial cultivation methods and the extraction techniques have to be optimized and the combinatorial approach such as photobiological methods may be used. Cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms that mediate the synthesis of biological nanoparticles should be studied in detail to increase the rate of synthesis and improve properties of nanoparticles. Owing to the rich biodiversity of microbes, their potential as biological materials for nanoparticle synthesis is yet to be fully explored. In this review, we present the current status of microbial synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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A review on green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles – An eco-friendly approach

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Author and article information

Contributors

Sufen Cui:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-514X

Sufen18@just.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

Title: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Print): 0175-7598

ISSN (Electronic): 1432-0614

Publication date (Electronic): 22 January 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 22 January 2024

Publication date (Print): 2024

Volume: 108

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 157

Affiliations

School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, ( https://ror.org/00tyjp878) Zhenjiang, 212100 China

Author information

Sufen Cui http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-514X

Article

Publisher ID: 12859

DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12859-9

PMC ID: 10803387

PubMed ID: 38252171

SO-VID: 4cac6fb1-027a-419f-965e-f92ae216f2e0

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 28 May 2023

Date revision received : 1 November 2023

Date accepted : 13 November 2023

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 32202294

Award Recipient : Sufen Cui

Funded by: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology

Award ID: 1182931803

Award Recipient : Sufen Cui

Funded by: Jiangsu university of science and technology

Award ID: 202310289026Z

Award Recipient : Jiajia Ge

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: ag2o nps,bacillus thuringiensis,insecticidal activity,antifungal activity,biosynthesis

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: ag2o nps, bacillus thuringiensis, insecticidal activity, antifungal activity, biosynthesis