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      Análise custo-benefício do reforço negativo em contingências de esquiva sinalizada Translated title: A cost-benefit analysis of responding in signaled free-operant avoidance of shock

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          Abstract

          Este estudo analisa as funções dos sinais em contingências de esquiva e descreve a interação organismo-ambiente como exemplo de relação custo-benefício. Seis ratos foram expostos a um procedimento de esquiva sinalizada, onde um período seguro (PS) de 20 s era seguido pelo período de aviso (PA) de 10 s e, na ausência de respostas, um choque era liberado e reiniciava o processo. Em sucessivas condições experimentais, o número de respostas requerido durante o PA para cancelar o choque aumentou de (1) um para 10 (FR1, 3, 5, 7 e 10), mantendo-se FR1 durante o PS. Observou-se que a taxa de respostas no PA expressa uma função U invertido em relação aos esquemas FR programados, a taxa de respostas no PS e a taxa de choques liberados expressam uma função direta em relação ao tamanho da FR e a taxa de sinais (número de vezes que o sinal foi apresentado dividido pela duração do PS) expressa uma função inversa em relação à razão requerida durante o PA. Estes resultados são consistentes com uma análise custo-benefício do desempenho em esquiva sinalizada: sendo requeridas poucas respostas durante o sinal, os sujeitos tendiam a responder menos no PS, minimizando esforço; e devido ao aumento progressivo no custo da resposta durante o PA, tornou-se menor o esforço pelo mesmo benefício responder durante o PS.

          Translated abstract

          This study examined the role that signals have in signaled-avoidance contingencies and analyzed the environment-organism relationship as an example of a cost-benefit relation. Six rats served as subjects in a signaled free-operant procedure with a response-signal interval of 20 s (safe period) and a signal-shock interval of 10 s (warning period). In successive experimental conditions the response requirement during the signal was increased from 1 to 10 (FR1, 3, 5, 7, and 10). Response rate during the signal was an inverted-U function of the fixed-ratio requirement. Responding during the safe period and rate of shocks delivered were a direct function of the fixed-ratio requirement. Signal rate (number of times the signal was presented divided by time spent in the safe period) was an inverse function of the fixed-ratio requirement on the warning period. Results are consistent with a cost-benefit analysis of responding in signaled-avoidance procedures. With low response requirement during the signal, rats tended to respond less on the safe period, minimizing effort. Increasing the cost of responding during the signal resulted in that less effort for about the same benefit was attained by responding during the safe period.

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          Most cited references33

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          Science and human behavior

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            Avoidance conditioning with brief shock and no exteroceptive warning signal.

            M Sidman (1953)
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              The behavior of organisms

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ptp
                Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa
                Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.
                Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0102-3772
                1806-3446
                December 2003
                : 19
                : 3
                : 279-285
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Católica de Goiás
                [01] orgnameUniversidade de Brasília
                Article
                S0102-37722003000300010 S0102-3772(03)01900310
                4db7cfe7-a823-4abc-bd35-59d7e39f2ed8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 June 2003
                : 29 October 2003
                : 30 October 2002
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                relação custo-benefício,negative reinforcement,signaled-avoidance,cost-benefit relation,reforço negativo,esquiva sinalizada

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