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      Floral and reproductive biology of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae): An important tropical ornamental plant Translated title: Biología floral y reproductiva de Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae): Una importante planta ornamental tropical

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Alpinia spp. play an important ecological role as a source of nectar in the understory of tropical and subtropical forests and many are common. The perennial species Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. is native to the tropical rainforests of Asia and has been used as an ornamental cut plant because of its lush inflorescences and post-harvest durability. The internal and external morphology, floral biology, and reproductive system of four A. purpurata cultivars were investigated to contribute to studies on the genetic improvement of this species. The inflorescence of A. purpurata is terminal and globose, and has flowers protected by colorful and showy bracts. The white flowers are tubular and bisexual. The floral anthesis of these four cultivars lasted 9 to 12 h, and the pollen viability was above 80% throughout the pre-flowering period in all evaluated cultivars. During anthesis, the stigma and anther crest were receptive because of the presence of stigmatic fluid. Fruiting was observed after hand cross-pollination, whereas no fruiting was recorded in the treatments with spontaneous self-pollination, hand self-pollination or geitonogamy. Natural pollination induced low fruiting, suggesting low pollinator availability in the studied area. The obligatory xenogamy of A. purpurata facilitates the development of new hybrids for the ornamental plant market.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Alpinia spp. desempeñan un importante papel ecológico, como fuente de néctar, en el sotobosque de los bosques tropicales y subtropicales, donde muchas de estas especies son comunes. La especie perenne Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. es nativa de las selvas tropicales de Asia y se ha utilizado como planta de corte ornamental debido a las exuberantes inflorescencias y la durabilidad posterior a la cosecha. Se investigó la morfología interna y externa, la biología floral y el sistema reproductivo de cuatro cultivares de A. purpurata, para apoyar los estudios de mejora genética de la especie. La inflorescencia de A. purpurata es terminal, globosa y tiene flores protegidas por brácteas coloridas y vistosas. Las flores blancas son tubulares bisexuales. La antesis floral de los cuatro cultivares duró entre 9 y 12 h. La viabilidad del polen fue superior al 80% durante todo el período de pre-floración en todos los cultivares evaluados. Durante la antesis, el estigma y la cresta de la antera fueron receptivos. La fructificación de los cultivares se observó después de la polinización cruzada manual. No se registró fructificación en los tratamientos de autopolinización espontánea, autopolinización manual y geitonogamia. La polinización natural indujo baja fructificación, lo que sugiere una baja disponibilidad de polinizadores en el área estudiada. La xenogamia obligatoria de A. purpurata es un facilitador para el desarrollo de nuevos híbridos para el mercado de plantas ornamentales.

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          Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

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          Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcch
                Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas
                rev.colomb.cienc.hortic.
                Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hotícolas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                2011-2173
                August 2020
                : 14
                : 2
                : 257-266
                Affiliations
                [2] Cuiabá Mato Grosso orgnameUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brazil
                [1] Tangará da Serra Mato Grosso orgnameUniversidade do Estado de Mato Grosso Brazil
                Article
                S2011-21732020000200257 S2011-2173(20)01400200257
                10.17584/rcch.2020v14i2.10747
                4df2140c-254a-4799-9c8a-9d3eca0c823c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 March 2020
                : 11 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Section of ornamental plants

                floral structure,breeding system,receptividad estigmática,fluido estigmático,estructura floral,sistema de reproducción,stigmatic receptivity,stigmatic fluid

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