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      Variabilidade genética em biotipos de leiteiro de Londrina/PR Translated title: Genetic variability among Euphorbia heterophylla

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          Abstract

          Euphorbia heterophylla, também conhecida como amendoim-bravo ou leiteira, é considerada planta invasora importante em mais de 56 países, inclusive no Brasil, tendo acarretado perdas de até 33 % na cultura da soja. Fenotipicamente, é uma espécie de características variáveis, especialmente em relação ao formato do limbo foliar. Esta variabilidade fenotípica tem sido utilizada para diferenciar e classificar as plantas, sugerindo a vários autores que a leiteira seria, de fato, constituída por diferentes espécies. Para estudar a variabilidade genética a nível de DNA entre plantas de Euphorbia heterophylla, que apresentam folhas morfologicamente diferentes, foram analisadas dez plantas diferentes coletadas em campos de soja, em Londrina/PR. As plantas foram transplantadas para casa-devegetação e o DNA das folhas foi extraído para análise pela técnica de RAPD. Vinte seis diferentes "primers", de dez nucleotídeos de sequência aleatória, geraram total de 102 bandas de DNA, sendo 38 delas polimórficas. A distância genética entre os indivíduos foi calculada em função da presença e da ausência das bandas, variando de 1 a 39% entre plantas. A análise de agrupamento dividiu as plantas em dois grupos, considerando limite de distância relativa de 22%. Os grupos gerados separaram nitidamente as plantas quanto ao formato do limbo foliar (estreito ou arredondado) e quanto á ramificação (densa ou normal).

          Translated abstract

          Euphorbia heterophylla is an important weed affecting the performance of annual and perennial crops. It is native from tropical and subtropical regions in the American continent, and has been detected at high densities in 20 different countries worldwide, and at low densities in other 40 countries. In Brazil, it has been inclued among the ten most important weeds affecting different crops, causing yield losses up to 33% in soybean fields. Phenotypically, this species is extremely variable, especially in relation to leaf shape and size, which can vary among and within populations. This variability suggested to several authors that E. heterophylla was, in fact, formed by different species. To systematize the study of E. heterophylla and to determine if the phenotypic variability correspond to modifications at the DNA level, we analyzed 10 different plants collected in the soybean field in Londrina (Parana, Brazil). The plants were transplanted to the greenhouse and leaf DNA was extracted for RAPD technique analysis. Twenty-six RAPD "primers" different amplified 102 DNA bands, 38 of them being polymorphic. Genetic distances among the individuals were calculated based on the presence (1) or absence (0) of those bands. Cluster analyses divided the plants into two distinct groups considering an upper limit of 22% relative genetic distance. The genetic distances among the plants were between 1 and 39%, in agreement with the variability obseved at the morphological level.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pd
                Planta Daninha
                Planta daninha
                Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas (Viçosa )
                1806-9681
                August 2000
                : 18
                : 2
                : 285-292
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Embrapa Milho e Sorgo Brazil
                [2 ] Embrapa Soja Brazil
                [3 ] Embrapa Milho e Sorgo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                Article
                S0100-83582000000200010
                10.1590/S0100-83582000000200010
                4e29edd5-f0b2-4689-86d0-f821a0adecdf

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-8358&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                Molecular markers,genetic divergence,Brazil,wild poisentia,Marcadores moleculares,diversidade genética,Euphorbia heterophylla

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