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      Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia, 1891) as a putative member of the subfamily Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae): spermatic evidence

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          Abstract

          The genus Markiana was until recently recognized as incertae sedis in the family Characidae, even though alternative placements for this genus have been advanced since its original description. More recently, it was hypothesized that Markiana nigripinnis is part of a clade informally named the Astyanax clade, indicating the putative close relationship of Markiana with the genus Astyanax. Examination of sperm ultrastructure of representatives of Astyanax and M. nigripinnis shows no evidence for this hypothesized close relationship. Rather, the spermatozoa of M. nigripinnis share characters found in spermatozoa of the non-inseminating members of the subfamily Stevardiinae, such as an angle of nuclear rotation equal to 85º resulting in a lateral position of the double nuclear fossa and flagellum. As with the non-inseminating Stevardiinae, sperm nuclei are also slightly elongate toward the flagellum, the proximal centriole is partially inside the nuclear fossa and anterior and oblique to the distal centriole, and the midpiece is short and strongly asymmetric. Additionally, M. nigripinnis shares with the other members of the Stevardiinae the presence of only four teeth in the inner row of the premaxillary and a short triangular ectopterygoid, which is never more than twice the length of the palatine.

          Translated abstract

          O gênero Markiana até recentemente foi reconhecido como incertae sedis na família Characidae, apesar da localização alternativa para este gênero desde sua descrição original. Mais recentemente, surgiu a hipótese de que Markiana nigripinnis faz parte de um clado chamado informalmente de "Astyanax clade", indicando a suposta relação de Markiana com o gênero Astyanax. A análise da ultraestrutura dos espermatozoides de representantes do gênero Astyanax e M. nigripinnis não mostra nenhuma evidência de estreita relação. Pelo contrário, os espermatozóides de M. nigripinnis compartilham o padrão encontrado nos espermatozoides dos membros não-inseminadores da subfamília Stevardiinae, tais como, um ângulo de rotação nuclear igual a 85º resultando em uma posição de lateral da fossa dupla nuclear e do flagelo. Assim como nos Stevardiinae não inseminadores, os núcleos dos espermatozoides também são ligeiramente alongados em direção ao flagelo, o centríolo proximal é anterior e oblíquo em relação ao centríolo distal e parcialmente inserido na fossa nuclear, e a peça intermediária é curta e fortemente assimétrica. Além disso, M. nigripinnis compartilha com os outros membros da Stevardiinae a presença de apenas quatro dentes na série interna da pré-maxila e um osso ectopterigoide curto e triangular, que nunca ultrapassa o dobro do comprimento do osso palatino.

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          Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy

          The family Characidae is the most diverse among Neotropical fishes. Systematics of this family are mainly based on pre-cladistic papers, and only recently a phylogenetic hypothesis for Characidae was proposed by the author. That phylogeny was based on 360 morphological characters studied for 160 species, including representatives of families related to Characidae. This paper is based on that phylogenetic analysis, with the analyzed characters described herein and documented, accompanied by comparisons of their definition and coding in previous papers. Synapomorphies of each node of the proposed phylogeny are listed, comparisons with previous classifications provided, and autapomorphies of the analyzed species listed. Taxonomic implications of the proposed classification and the position of the incertae sedis genera within Characidae are discussed. A discussion of the phylogenetic information of the characters used in the classical systematics of the Characidae is provided.
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            Characids of the World

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              Weighted parsimony phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                June 2011
                : 9
                : 2
                : 371-376
                Affiliations
                [02] Botucatu SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências orgdiv2Departamento de Morfologia Brazil
                [01] Botucatu SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho orgdiv1Instituto de Biociências orgdiv2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada Brazil
                Article
                S1679-62252011000200015 S1679-6225(11)00900215
                10.1590/S1679-62252011005000020
                4f6c463d-3a62-419b-9842-492f050d0289

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 6
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                SciELO Brazil


                Spermiogenesis,Spermatozoa ultrastructure,Astyanax clade,Clade A

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