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      Enfermedad de Lafora y efecto fundador en una pequeña localidad neotropical

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          Abstract

          La enfermedad de Lafora es una condición genética infrecuente. Cuatro casos (dos familias) fueron detectados en Zarcero, una pequeña localidad de Costa Rica (población bajo 2000). Ellos pertenecieron a dos matrimonios consanguíneos y ambas familias tenían ancestros comunes. El diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Lafora fue confirmado por medio de una biopsia de hígado en uno de los pacientes. Las edades de aparición fueron 13, 14, 16 y 17 años. Los pacientes murieron después de cuatro, nueve, seis y cinco años de deterioro físico y mental severo, respectivamente. El gen de la enfermedad de Lafora llegó a Zarcero a partir de uno de sus fundadores. No han habido informes de otros casos en Costa Rica: este es un ejemplo de deriva genética, específicamente el efecto fundador.

          Translated abstract

          The Lafora disease is an uncommon genetic condition. Four cases (two families) were detected in Zarcero, a small town in Costa Rica (population under 2000). They belonged to two separate consanguineous marriages but both families had common ancestors. The diagnosis of Lafora disease was confirmed by liver biopsy in one of the patients. The ages of onset were 13, 14, 16 and 17 years. Patients died after four, nine, six and five years of severe progressive physical and mental deterioration, respectively. The gene for Lafora disease arrive to Zarcero from one of its founders. There are no other cases reported from Costa Rica: this is an example of genetic drift, or more specifically, founder effect.

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          A novel protein tyrosine phosphatase gene is mutated in progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Lafora type (EPM2).

          Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Lafora type or Lafora disease (EPM2; McKusick no. 254780) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by epilepsy, myoclonus, progressive neurological deterioration and glycogen-like intracellular inclusion bodies (Lafora bodies). A gene for EPM2 previously has been mapped to chromosome 6q23-q25 using linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping. Here we report the positional cloning of the 6q EPM2 gene. A microdeletion within the EPM2 critical region, present inhomozygosis in an affected individual, was found to disrupt a novel gene encoding a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase). The gene, denoted EPM2, presents alternative splicing in the 5' and 3' end regions. Mutational analysis revealed that EPM2 patients are homozygous for loss-of-function mutations in EPM2. These findings suggest that Lafora disease results from the mutational inactivation of a PTPase activity that may be important in the control of glycogen metabolism.
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            Beitrag zur Histopathologie der myoklonischen Epilepsie

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              The gene for progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Lafora type maps to chromosome 6q.

              Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Lafora type (Lafora's disease) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by epilepsy, myoclonus, dementia, and periodic acid-Schiff-positive intracellular inclusion bodies. The inclusion deposits consist of branched polysaccharides (polyglucosans) but the responsible biochemical defect has not been identified. Onset is during late childhood or adolescence and the disease leads to a fatal outcome within a decade of first symptoms. We studied nine families in which Lafora's disease had been proven by biopsy in at least one member. In order to locate the responsible gene, we screened the human genome with microsatellite markers spaced an average of 13 cM. We used linkage analysis in all nine families and homozygosity mapping in four consanguineous families to define the Lafora's disease gene region. Two point linkage analysis resulted in a total peak lod score of 10.54 for marker D6S311. Six additional chromosome 6q23-25 microsatellites yielded lod scores ranging from 5.92 to 9.60 at theta m = f = 0. An extended pedigree with five affected members independently proved linkage with peak lod scores over 3.8 at theta m = f = 0 for D6S292, D6S403, and D6S311. The multipoint one-lod-unit support interval covered a 2.5 cM region surrounding D6S403. Homozygosity mapping defined a 17 cM region in chromosome 6q23-25 flanked by D6S292 and D6S420 that contains the Lafora's disease gene.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José )
                0034-7744
                June 2000
                : 48
                : 2-3
                : 703-706
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                Article
                S0034-77442000000200043
                533455b8-60c4-441a-b829-9005d04b23d6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7744&lng=en
                Categories
                Biodiversity Conservation
                Biology

                General life sciences,Animal science & Zoology
                Lafora disease,myoclonic epilepsy,founder effect

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