Modelling net-zero emissions energy systems requires a change in approach

[1 ]UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK

[2 ]Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK

[3 ]Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales, Sciences Po, Paris, France

[4 ]Sustainability Research Institute (SRI), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

[5 ]MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute & School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

[6 ]Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK

[7 ]German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Berlin, Germany

[8 ]International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria

[9 ]Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, London, UK

[10 ]Ulster University, Belfast, UK