A molecular epidemiological survey of Babesia,
Hepatozoon, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
infections of dogs in Japan

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Abstract

Tick-borne diseases are often encountered in canine clinical practice. In the present study, a molecular epidemiological survey of dogs in Japan was conducted to understand the prevalence and geographical distribution of Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. Pathogen-derived DNA in blood samples obtained from 722 dogs with a history of exposure to ticks and/or fleas was examined by PCR. The prevalence of Babesia gibsoni, Babesia odocoilei-like species, Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia spp./ Anaplasma spp. was 2.4% (16/722), 0.1% (1/722), 2.5% (18/722) and 1.5% (11/722), respectively. While B. gibsoni and Ehrlichia spp./ Anaplasma spp. were detected in the western part of Japan, H. canis was detected in Tohoku area in addition to western and central parts of Japan.

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Most cited references 18

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Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs and cats.

Susan Little (2010)

In the time since canine ehrlichiosis due to Ehrlichia canis was first described in 1935 and first recognized in the United States in 1962, many key advances have been made in our understanding of the diversity of the rickettsial organisms responsible for ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs and, occasionally, cats, the vectors capable of transmitting these agents, and the role these organisms play as both important veterinary pathogens and zoonotic disease agents. Despite considerable progress in the field, much remains to be learned regarding mechanisms contributing to pathogenesis, effective treatment modalities, and prevention strategies that best protect pet health. This article highlights current understanding of the transmission, diagnosis, and management of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs and cats. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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New advances in molecular epizootiology of canine hematic protozoa from Venezuela, Thailand and Spain.

C Rey-Joly, Robert P. Irwin, J M Carretero … (2007)

The prevalence of hematozoan infections (Hepatozoon canis and Babesia sp., particularly Babesia canis vogeli) in canids from Venezuela, Thailand and Spain was studied by amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. H. canis infections caused simultaneously by two different isolates were confirmed by RFLP analysis in samples from all the geographic regions studied. In Venezuela, blood samples from 134 dogs were surveyed. Babesia infections were found in 2.24% of the dogs. Comparison of sequences of the 18S rRNA gene indicated that protozoan isolates were genetically identical to B. canis vogeli from Japan and Brazil. H. canis infected 44.77 per cent of the dogs. A representative sample of Venezuelan H. canis isolates (21.6% of PCR-positives) was sequenced. Many of them showed 18S rRNA gene sequences identical to H. canis Spain 2, albeit two less frequent genotypes were found in the sample studied. In Thailand, 20 dogs were analyzed. No infections caused by Babesia were diagnosed, whereas 30 per cent of the dogs were positive to hematozoan infection. Two protozoa isolates showing 99.7-100% identity to H. canis Spain 2 were found. In Spain, 250 dogs were studied. B. canis vogeli infected 0.01% of the animals. The sequence of the 18S rRNA gene in Spanish isolates of this protozoa was closely related to those previously deposited in GenBank (> 99% identity). Finally, 20 red foxes were screened for hematozoans employing semi-nested PCR and primers designed to detect Babesia/Theileria. Fifty percent of the foxes were positive to Theileria annae. In addition, it was found that the PCR assay was able as well to detect Hepatozoon infections. Thirty five percent of the foxes were infected with two different H. canis isolates showing 99.8-100% identity to Curupira 1 from Brazil.

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Babesia odocoilei infection in a Saskatchewan elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) herd.

Betty Lockerbie, M Pattullo, George H. Burgess … (2013)

An 8-year-old female elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) cow, presented for chronic severe weight loss and unthriftiness, was diagnosed with Babesia odocoilei infection based on blood smear evaluation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA sequence analysis. Subsequently, velvet antler from a male that died acutely on the same farm was also PCR positive for Babesia spp. Both animals originated from a game ranch of Saskatchewan-bred and -raised animals with no known history of tick exposure, but with a history of numerous sudden deaths of unknown etiology. The presence of B. odocoilei in Canada might be a result of a recent introduction that could have deleterious effects on local wild ungulates or may represent discovery of a previously unrecognized endemic disease in local wildlife.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Med Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Vet. Med. Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JVMS

Title: The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Publisher: The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science

ISSN (Print): 0916-7250

ISSN (Electronic): 1347-7439

Publication date (Electronic): 01 May 2015

Publication date (Print): October 2015

Volume: 77

Issue: 10

Pages: 1275-1279

Affiliations

[1) ]Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1–21–24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan

[2) ]The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677–1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753–8511, Japan

[3) ]Merial Japan Ltd., 3–20–2 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163–1488, Japan

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence to: Endo, Y., Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1–21–24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan. e-mail: k5155981@ 123456kadai.jp

[#]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Article

Publisher ID: 15-0079

DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0079

PMC ID: 4638295

PubMed ID: 25947226

SO-VID: 53e250a1-2f41-4bfd-8fc7-af5c87e33f5c

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License.

A molecular epidemiological survey of Babesia, Hepatozoon, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma infections of dogs in Japan

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Abstract

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Ticks and tick-borne pathogens

Most cited references 18

Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs and cats.

New advances in molecular epizootiology of canine hematic protozoa from Venezuela, Thailand and Spain.

Babesia odocoilei infection in a Saskatchewan elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) herd.

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