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      Neurotransmitter Modulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor mRNA Levels in the Rat Hippocampus

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          Abstract

          Glucocorticoids in the hippocampus mediate adaptive responses elicited by stressful stimuli. In this study we investigated glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampus following acute stress. A significant decrease in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels was observed in the hippocampus less than 1 h after the onset of stress. This decrease was inhibited by administering either MK-801, diazepam or propranolol prior to exposure to stress. The effect of diazepam on the stress-induced decrease in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor mRNA was reversed by Ro-15-1788, suggesting that it is mediated by central benzodiazepine receptors, i.e. GABA-A. These results indicate that NMDA, GABA-A and β-adrenergic receptors are involved in the mechanism of the stress-induced decrease in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels in the rat hippocampus.

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          Most cited references5

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          Genetic complementation of a glucocorticoid receptor deficiency by expression of cloned receptor cDNA.

          We isolated and sequenced 6.3 kb of cDNA encoding that rat glucocorticoid receptor, a protein that binds and activates a class of hormone-dependent transcriptional enhancers. Receptor-containing cells produce receptor mRNAs of approximately equal to 6.5 kb and approximately equal to 4.8 kb that differ only in their 3' nontranslated regions; an open reading frame of 795 amino acids resides within the 5' portion of the transcripts. The coding region was expressed in vitro, in transient transfections, and in stable transfectants of a receptor-deficient cell line. The protein products are indistinguishable from bona fide receptor with respect to sedimentation and electrophoretic mobility, antibody reactivity, and hormone and DNA binding. Moreover, the cloned receptor protein activates its corresponding enhancers, restoring to the receptor-deficient cells the full capacity for regulated enhancement.
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            Central 6-hydroxydopamine lesions decrease mineralocorticoid, but not glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in the rat hippocampus

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              Homolateral cerebrocortical increase of immediate early gene and neurotransmitter messenger RNAs after minimal cortical lesion: blockade by N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist.

              A small surgical lesion of the parietal cortex induces an increase in the expression of several messenger RNAs varying from 172 to 980% in the entire homolateral cerebral cortex, as detected by quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry. The messenger RNAs encoding the immediate early genes of the leucine zipper family (c-fos, c-jun, jun-B), the Zinc finger family (zif268), the glucocorticoid receptor family (NGFI-B) and the interferon family (PC4) are increased within 2 h after the lesion and return to normal levels at 6 h. The messenger RNAs encoding cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin and the synthetizing enzyme of the neurotransmitter GABA, glutamate decarboxylase, are elevated within one day and return to normal levels after six days. An intraperitoneal injection of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate, 30 min before surgery, prevented either the induction of immediate early gene expression or the increase of neuropeptide and glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA expression. This study demonstrates that a minimal cortical lesion induces extensive changes in gene expression and that the mechanism(s) leading to these changes involves the action of glutamate at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. These modifications may be of importance in explaining diffuse changes not related to neuronal circuitry in several conditions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                NEN
                Neuroendocrinology
                10.1159/issn.0028-3835
                Neuroendocrinology
                S. Karger AG
                0028-3835
                1423-0194
                1999
                May 1999
                20 May 1999
                : 69
                : 5
                : 324-330
                Affiliations
                aLaboratory of Biology-Biochemistry, Faculty of Nursing, and bLaboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
                Article
                54434 Neuroendocrinology 1999;69:324–330
                10.1159/000054434
                10343173
                53e952a9-0a0a-4094-bafd-6caf33ef836d
                © 1999 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 3, References: 38, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Regulation of Corticotropin and Adrenal Steroid Feed-Back

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Adrenal steroid receptors,Gene expression,Catecholamine receptors,Stress,Excitatory amino acid receptors,γ-Aminobutyric acid receptors,Hippocampus

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