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      The Impact of Diabetes on Vascular Disease: Progress from the Perspective of Epidemics and Treatments

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          Abstract

          At present, the global incidence of diabetes has increased in countries with large populations, and the changes in developing regions are particularly worthy of attention. In the past 40 years or so, the income situation in China, India, and other countries has exploded, leading to changes in the way of life and work as well as an increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Metabolic disorders caused by diabetes can lead to secondary vascular complications, which have long-term malignant effects on the heart, kidneys, brain, and other vital organs of patients. Adequate primary prevention measures are needed to reduce the incidence of diabetic vascular complications, and more attention should be given to treatment after the disease. To this end, it is necessary to determine a standardized drug and physical therapy system and to build a more efficient and low-cost chronic disease management system.

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          WITHDRAWN: Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition

          To provide global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045.
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            Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007–2017

            Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common comorbidity in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). CVD’s prevalence has been growing over time. Purpose To estimate the current prevalence of CVD among adults with T2DM by reviewing literature published within the last 10 years (2007–March 2017). Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and proceedings of major scientific meetings for original research documenting the prevalence of CVD in T2DM. CVD included stroke, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular death. No restrictions were placed on country of origin or publication language. Two reviewers independently searched for articles and extracted data, adjudicating results through consensus. Data were summarized descriptively. Risk of bias was examined by applying the STROBE checklist. Results We analyzed data from 57 articles with 4,549,481 persons having T2DM. Europe produced the most articles (46%), followed by the Western Pacific/China (21%), and North America (13%). Overall in 4,549,481 persons with T2DM, 52.0% were male, 47.0% were obese, aged 63.6 ± 6.9 years old, with T2DM duration of 10.4 ± 3.7 years. CVD affected 32.2% overall (53 studies, N = 4,289,140); 29.1% had atherosclerosis (4 studies, N = 1153), 21.2% had coronary heart disease (42 articles, N = 3,833,200), 14.9% heart failure (14 studies, N = 601,154), 14.6% angina (4 studies, N = 354,743), 10.0% myocardial infarction (13 studies, N = 3,518,833) and 7.6% stroke (39 studies, N = 3,901,505). CVD was the cause of death in 9.9% of T2DM patients (representing 50.3% of all deaths). Risk of bias was low; 80 ± 12% of STROBE checklist items were adequately addressed. Conclusions Globally, overall CVD affects approximately 32.2% of all persons with T2DM. CVD is a major cause of mortality among people with T2DM, accounting for approximately half of all deaths over the study period. Coronary artery disease and stroke were the major contributors.
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              Prevalence and Ethnic Pattern of Diabetes and Prediabetes in China in 2013.

              Previous studies have shown increasing prevalence of diabetes in China, which now has the world's largest diabetes epidemic.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Diabetes Res
                J Diabetes Res
                JDR
                Journal of Diabetes Research
                Hindawi
                2314-6745
                2314-6753
                2022
                8 April 2022
                : 2022
                : 1531289
                Affiliations
                1Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
                2Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
                3Department of Burn Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Pawel Kleczynski

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-9313
                Article
                10.1155/2022/1531289
                9012631
                35434140
                548f5775-f5dc-4825-b6a8-04cb509ce1ea
                Copyright © 2022 Runyang Liu et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 17 January 2022
                : 10 March 2022
                : 23 March 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Medical Innovation Team Project of Jiangsu Province
                Award ID: CXTDA2017010
                Funded by: Open Project Program of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Centre of Diabetic Systems Medicine
                Award ID: GKLCDSM-20210101-02
                Funded by: Related Foundation of Jiangsu Province
                Award ID: M2020016
                Award ID: BK20201225
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 82070455
                Categories
                Review Article

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