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      MnO 2 Heterostructure on Carbon Nanotubes as Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

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          Abstract

          Due to their cost effectiveness, high safety, and eco-friendliness, zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are receiving much attention nowadays. In the production of rechargeable ZIBs, the cathode plays an important role. Manganese oxide (MnO 2) is considered the most promising and widely investigated intercalation cathode material. Nonetheless, MnO 2 cathodes are subjected to challenging issues viz. limited capacity, low rate capability and poor cycling stability. It is seen that the MnO 2 heterostructure can enable long-term cycling stability in different types of energy devices. Herein, a versatile chemical method for the preparation of MnO 2 heterostructure on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MNH-CNT) is reported. Besides, the synthesized MNH-CNT is composed of δ-MnO 2 and γ-MnO 2. A ZIB using the MNH-CNT cathode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 236 mAh g −1 at 400 mA g −1, 108 mAh g −1 at 1600 mA g −1 and excellent cycling stability. A pseudocapacitive behavior investigation demonstrates fast zinc ion diffusion via a diffusion-controlled process with low capacitive contribution. Overall, the MNH-CNT cathode is seen to exhibit superior electrochemical performance. This work presents new opportunities for improving the discharge capacity and cycling stability of aqueous ZIBs.

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          Reversible aqueous zinc/manganese oxide energy storage from conversion reactions

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            Zn/MnO2 Battery Chemistry With H+ and Zn2+ Coinsertion.

            Rechargeable aqueous Zn/MnO2 battery chemistry in a neutral or mildly acidic electrolyte has attracted extensive attention recently because all the components (anode, cathode, and electrolyte) in a Zn/MnO2 battery are safe, abundant, and sustainable. However, the reaction mechanism of the MnO2 cathode remains a topic of discussion. Herein, we design a highly reversible aqueous Zn/MnO2 battery where the binder-free MnO2 cathode was fabricated by in situ electrodeposition of MnO2 on carbon fiber paper in mild acidic ZnSO4+MnSO4 electrolyte. Electrochemical and structural analysis identify that the MnO2 cathode experience a consequent H+ and Zn2+ insertion/extraction process with high reversibility and cycling stability. To our best knowledge, it is the first report on rechargeable aqueous batteries with a consequent ion-insertion reaction mechanism.
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              Issues and opportunities facing aqueous zinc-ion batteries

              We retrospect recent advances in rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries system and the facing challenges of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Importantly, some concerns and feasible solutions for achieving practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries are discussed in detail. Zinc-ion batteries built on water-based electrolytes featuring compelling price-points, competitive performance, and enhanced safety represent advanced energy storage chemistry as a promising alternative to current lithium-ion battery systems. Attempts to develop rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) can be traced to as early as the 1980s; however, since 2015, the research activity in this field has surged throughout the world. Despite the achievements made in exploring electrode materials so far, significant challenges remain at the material level and even on the whole aqueous ZIBs system, leading to the failure of ZIBs to meet commercial requirements. This review aims to discuss how to pave the way for developing aqueous ZIBs. The current research efforts related to aqueous ZIBs electrode materials and electrolytes are summarized, including an analysis of the problems encountered in both cathode/anode materials and electrolyte optimization. Some concerns and feasible solutions for achieving practical aqueous ZIBs are discussed in detail. We would like to point out that merely improving the electrode materials is not enough; synergistic optimization strategies toward the whole battery system are also deeply needed. Finally, some perspectives are provided on the subsequent optimization design for further research efforts in the aqueous ZIB field.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Mol Sci
                Int J Mol Sci
                ijms
                International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                MDPI
                1422-0067
                30 June 2020
                July 2020
                : 21
                : 13
                : 4689
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; 6071443721@ 123456student.chula.ac.th
                [2 ]Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan; mai_nt@ 123456eng.hokudai.ac.jp (M.T.N.); tetsu@ 123456eng.hokudai.ac.jp (T.Y.)
                [3 ]Institute of Business-Regional Collaborations, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
                [4 ]Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; patchanita.v@ 123456chula.ac.th
                [5 ]Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; rojana.p@ 123456chula.ac.th (R.P.); prasit.pat@ 123456chula.ac.th (P.P.)
                [6 ]Center of Excellence in Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
                [7 ]Research Unit of Advanced Materials for Energy Storage, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
                [8 ]National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; adisorn.tua@ 123456nstda.or.th (A.T.); siwaruk.siw@ 123456nstda.or.th (S.S.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: soorathep.k@ 123456chula.ac.th ; Tel.: +66-81-490-5280
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-123X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7371-204X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-3014
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-2750
                Article
                ijms-21-04689
                10.3390/ijms21134689
                7369720
                32630149
                54e8b893-b8e4-4d2b-9869-45422187ab3c
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 05 June 2020
                : 29 June 2020
                Categories
                Article

                Molecular biology
                zinc-ion battery,cathode,manganese oxide,carbon nanotubes,heterostructure
                Molecular biology
                zinc-ion battery, cathode, manganese oxide, carbon nanotubes, heterostructure

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