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      Der Stellenwert von Leitlinien in der Zahnheilkunde und in der zahnmedizinischen Ausbildung Translated title: The importance of guidelines in dentistry and dental education

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          Abstract

          Im Rahmen von qualitätssichernden Maßnahmen spielen evidenzbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen in der Zahn- und Humanmedizin eine zunehmend bedeutendere Rolle. Die von Expertengremien methodenkritisch evaluierten Wissenschaftserkenntnisse werden dabei zu einfach verständlichen Leitlinien zusammengefasst. Entsprechend der Konsens- und Evidenzgewichtung des Erstellungsprozesses werden die Leitlinien in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstufen qualitativ bewertet. Seit der Gründung in den 1960er-Jahren erfolgen die Publikation von Leitlinien und die Koordination der Leitlinienerstellung durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt sind 44 zahnmedizinische Leitlinien verfügbar, die zum größten Teil mit der höchsten Entwicklungsstufe S3 bewertet sind. Dadurch sind Handlungskorridore für eine Vielzahl von Behandlungsmaßnahmen für zahnärztliches Personal der universitären Standorte und Praxen definiert, deren Implementierung in den klinischen Alltag wünschenswert ist. Mangelnde Akzeptanz von Leitlinien und ein hoher Ressourcenaufwand bei deren Erstellung sind wesentliche Limitationen im Ausbau der evidenzbasierten Zahnmedizin. Diese könnten durch Einführung der wissenschaftlichen Grundausbildung innerhalb des Zahnmedizinstudiums und verstärkte Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses überwunden werden, um hohe Behandlungsqualität und Ökonomie in der Zahnheilkunde auch zukünftig zu gewährleisten. Leitlinien können die zahnmedizinische Ausbildung unterstützen, indem sie Studierenden wissenschaftlich abgesicherte Handlungsschablonen bieten und den Lehrenden helfen, den hohen Anforderungen im Rahmen von praktischen Kursen gerecht zu werden.

          Translated abstract

          Evidence-based treatment recommendations are gaining importance within the framework of both medical and dental quality management systems. The scientific findings, which have been evaluated critically by expert committees with regard to their methodological quality, are summarized in easy-to-understand guidelines. All guidelines are evaluated qualitatively in accordance with a balance between consensus and evidence during the drafting process regarding their stages of scientific development. The publication of guidelines and the coordination of guideline development has been carried out by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) since its foundation in the 1960s. Forty-four dental guidelines are currently available, which are mostly rated at the highest level (S3) of scientific development. Therefore, recommendations for various treatment protocols are defined for both dental staff at university sites or practices and the implementation of these guidelines into the daily clinical routine is desirable. Poor acceptance and adverse resource requirements are major limitations of the establishment of guidelines with regard to the expansion of evidence-based dentistry. However, these limitations might be overcome by the introduction of basic scientific training within dental universities and increased funding of young researchers in order to ensure high treatment quality and economy in dentistry in the future. Guidelines can facilitate education by providing scientifically validated procedural templates to dental students and assisting educators in meeting the requirements of practical skills.

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          Most cited references25

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          The effect of adherence to practice guidelines on depression outcomes.

          Few studies have assessed clinician adherence to depression practice guidelines and the relationship between clinician adherence and depression outcomes. To estimate how frequently specific guideline recommendations are followed and to assess whether following guideline recommendations is linked to improved depression outcomes. Observational analysis of data collected from 1996 to 1998 in 3 randomized clinical trials. 45 primary care practices in 13 U.S. states. 1131 primary care patients with depression. Expert panel methods were used to develop a patient survey-based index that measured adherence to clinical practice guidelines on depression. Rates of adherence to the 20 indicators that form the index were evaluated. Multivariable regression that controlled for case mix was used to assess how index scores predicted continuous and dichotomous depression measures at 12, 18, and 24 months. Quality of care was high (clinician adherence > or =79%) for 6 indicators, including primary care clinician detection of depression. Quality of care was low (adherence, 20% to 38%) for 8 indicators, including management of suicide risk (3 indicators), alcohol abuse (2 indicators), and elderly patients; assessment of symptoms and history of depression; and treatment adjustment for patients who did not respond to initial treatment. Greater adherence to practice guidelines significantly predicted fewer depressive symptoms on continuous measures (P < 0.001 for 12 months, P < 0.01 for 18 months, and P < 0.001 for 24 months) and dichotomous measures (P < 0.05 for 18 and 24 months). Data are based on patient self-report. Possible changes in practice since 1998 may limit the generalizability of the findings. Adherence to guidelines was high for one third of the recommendations that were measured but was very low for nearly half of the measures, pointing to specific needs for quality improvement. Guideline-concordant depression care appears to be linked to improved outcomes in primary care patients with depression.
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            Evidence-Based Dentistry: Two Decades and Beyond

            In 1999, the American Dental Association proffered a definition of the term evidence-based dentistry, which is still very much used to this day. It stated that "… evidence-based dentistry is an approach to oral health care that requires the judicious integration of systematic assessments of clinically relevant scientific evidence, relating to the patient's oral and medical condition and history, with the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient's treatment needs and preferences." Concerted research during the past 2 decades have defined and characterized the protocols that obtain the qualitative and quantitative consensus of the best evidence base. This component of evidence-based dentistry, which is referred to as evidence-based dental research, is brought about as comparative effectiveness research with the research synthesis design. The best evidence base is judiciously used to generate evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, which in turn inform evidence-based dental practice.
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              Some problems in applying evidence in clinical practice.

              There is a considerable gap between sound evidence concerning health care interventions and the services that patients actually receive as health care. Practitioners and the health care system must overcome a number of barriers to narrow the gap. Viewed simplistically, there are three steps from evidence to practice: getting the evidence straight; developing clinical practice guidelines that are faithful to both the evidence and the clinical and personal situations of patients; and applying these guidelines to the right patient at the right time in the right way. Special problems in getting the evidence straight stem from difficulties in finding sound evidence. Lack of agreement on evidence standards undermine the effectiveness of authoritative practice guidelines. Applying evidence and practice guidelines effectively and efficiently is often thwarted by mismatches between evidence and usual practice circumstances. Time pressures undermine interpretation and application of evidence at every step. Understanding these problems may permit development of more effective strategies to bridge the gap between evidence and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                sebastian.krohn@ukr.de
                Journal
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
                Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1436-9990
                1437-1588
                14 November 2023
                14 November 2023
                2023
                : 66
                : 12
                : 1409-1413
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411941.8, ISNI 0000 0000 9194 7179, Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, , Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, ; Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Deutschland
                [2 ]Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF), ( https://ror.org/01fgwy751) Berlin, Deutschland
                Article
                3798
                10.1007/s00103-023-03798-x
                10667131
                37964046
                54faa92f-1eb9-4070-a8a7-9df5e7a734f5
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung, Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden.

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                History
                : 12 June 2023
                : 19 October 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Universitätsklinikum Regensburg (8921)
                Categories
                Leitthema
                Custom metadata
                © Robert Koch-Institut 2023

                leitlinien,evidenzbasierte zahnmedizin,konsensus,arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlicher medizinischer fachgesellschaften (awmf),zahnmedizinische lehre,guidelines,evidence-based dentistry,consensus,association of scientific medical societies (awmf),dental education

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