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      Isolated Esophageal Injury Following Blunt Thoracic Trauma: A Rarity

      case-report
      a , b , a , a
      Gastroenterology Research
      Elmer Press
      Blunt injury, Esophageal tear, Thoracotomy

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          Abstract

          Esophageal injury following blunt trauma to chest is an extremely rare event, with only a limited number of cases being reported in the world literature. We report a case of perforation of the lower thoracic esophagus following a crush injury to the chest in a 14 year old child. An appropriately placed chest drain and decompression gastrostomy resulted in complete resolution of the esophageal leak within four weeks. This case report demonstrates that a conservative approach to lower thoracic esophageal perforations can be carried out successfully without the added morbidity of thoracotomy and risks of direct repair.

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          Most cited references6

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          Treatment and outcomes of oesophageal perforation in a tertiary referral centre.

          The diagnosis and management of oesophageal perforation continues to challenge clinicians. We present our experience of perforated oesophagus in a Tertiary Referral Centre for Thoracic and Oesophageal Surgery. Between 1985 and 2000, 75 patients (40 male) with oesophageal perforation were treated in out unit; age range 24-89, median 63. Retrospective review of these cases has been performed. There were 12 deaths (16%). With increases in time from perforation to diagnosis, there was a stepwise increase in the mortality rate. Immediate diagnosis 5%; early diagnosis (1-24h) 14%; late diagnosis (>24h) 44% (P>or=0.002). Site of perforation, aetiology, and treatment strategy had no influence on mortality. The only independent predictor of mortality identified was time to diagnosis from perforation (beta 0.429, P=0.001). Time to definitive management in those undergoing an operative procedure had no influence on outcome with multivariate analysis. Prompt recognition of the diagnosis of oesophageal perforation and rapid institution of supportive measures, followed by an appropriate, patient specific treatment option optimises the chance of a successful outcome. The wide range of presentation of oesophageal perforation necessitates individualisation of treatment.
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            Esophageal perforation following external blunt trauma.

            Esophageal perforation from external blunt trauma is an exceedingly rare injury. Since 1900, including our five cases, we found 96 reported cases. The most common cause was violent vehicular trauma. The cervical and upper thoracic esophagus was the site of perforation in 82%. In 78% of the cases, there were findings consistent with esophageal injury, but there was a delay in diagnosis in two thirds of these. The diagnostic difficulty was due to lack of a specific symptom complex for esophageal perforation. Often esophageal perforation was not suspected and the symptoms were attributed to the more common injuries, or the diagnostic workup was incomplete. There were 24 (38%) infectious complications directly related to the esophageal perforation. In 21 of these, there was a delay in diagnosis. There were five (9.4%) deaths due to sepsis from the esophageal perforation.
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              Thoracic esophageal and tracheal injury following blunt trauma.

              A 20-year-old man injured in a motor vehicular accident sustained a nonpenetrating double blowout injury of the upper thoracic esophagus. A simultaneous membraneous rupture of the trachea occurred. Treatment was by operative primary closure. A collective review of blunt upper thoracic esophageal perforations reveals a nearly uniform occurrence of associated tracheal injury.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Gastroenterology Res
                Gastroenterology Res
                Elmer Press
                Gastroenterology Research
                Elmer Press
                1918-2805
                1918-2813
                October 2009
                20 September 2009
                : 2
                : 5
                : 307-308
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of General Surgery, Pt.B.D.Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (P.G.I.M.S.), Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
                Author notes
                [b ]Corresponding author: 9J/54, Medical Campus, PGIMS, Rohtak-124001 (Haryana) India. Email: drsatishdalal@ 123456rediffmail.com
                Article
                10.4021/gr2009.10.1317
                5139779
                571b3cda-a989-4b3d-a410-c79d7a42f83e
                Copyright 2009, Dalal et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 October 2009
                Categories
                Case Report

                blunt injury,esophageal tear,thoracotomy
                blunt injury, esophageal tear, thoracotomy

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