Cost evaluation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance versus coronary angiography for the diagnostic work-up of coronary artery disease: Application of the European Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance registry data to the German, United Kingdom, Swiss, and United States health care systems

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Abstract

Background

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has favorable characteristics for diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification of patients with known or suspected CAD. CMR utilization in CAD detection is growing fast. However, data on its cost-effectiveness are scarce. The goal of this study is to compare the costs of two strategies for detection of significant coronary artery stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD): 1) Performing CMR first to assess myocardial ischemia and/or infarct scar before referring positive patients (defined as presence of ischemia and/or infarct scar to coronary angiography (CXA) versus 2) a hypothetical CXA performed in all patients as a single test to detect CAD.

Methods

A subgroup of the European CMR pilot registry was used including 2,717 consecutive patients who underwent stress-CMR. From these patients, 21% were positive for CAD (ischemia and/or infarct scar), 73% negative, and 6% uncertain and underwent additional testing. The diagnostic costs were evaluated using invoicing costs of each test performed. Costs analysis was performed from a health care payer perspective in German, United Kingdom, Swiss, and United States health care settings.

Results

In the public sectors of the German, United Kingdom, and Swiss health care systems, cost savings from the CMR-driven strategy were 50%, 25% and 23%, respectively, versus outpatient CXA. If CXA was carried out as an inpatient procedure, cost savings were 46%, 50% and 48%, respectively. In the United States context, cost savings were 51% when compared with inpatient CXA, but higher for CMR by 8% versus outpatient CXA.

Conclusion

This analysis suggests that from an economic perspective, the use of CMR should be encouraged as a management option for patients with suspected CAD.

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Most cited references 16

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CT angiography for safe discharge of patients with possible acute coronary syndromes.

Harold I Litt, Harold I Litt, Daniel Entrikin … (2012)

Admission rates among patients presenting to emergency departments with possible acute coronary syndromes are high, although for most of these patients, the symptoms are ultimately found not to have a cardiac cause. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has a very high negative predictive value for the detection of coronary disease, but its usefulness in determining whether discharge of patients from the emergency department is safe is not well established. We randomly assigned low-to-intermediate-risk patients presenting with possible acute coronary syndromes, in a 2:1 ratio, to undergo CCTA or to receive traditional care. Patients were enrolled at five centers in the United States. Patients older than 30 years of age with a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score of 0 to 2 and signs or symptoms warranting admission or testing were eligible. The primary outcome was safety, assessed in the subgroup of patients with a negative CCTA examination, with safety defined as the absence of myocardial infarction and cardiac death during the first 30 days after presentation. We enrolled 1370 subjects: 908 in the CCTA group and 462 in the group receiving traditional care. The baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. Of 640 patients with a negative CCTA examination, none died or had a myocardial infarction within 30 days (0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0 to 0.57). As compared with patients receiving traditional care, patients in the CCTA group had a higher rate of discharge from the emergency department (49.6% vs. 22.7%; difference, 26.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 21.4 to 32.2), a shorter length of stay (median, 18.0 hours vs. 24.8 hours; P<0.001), and a higher rate of detection of coronary disease (9.0% vs. 3.5%; difference, 5.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 0 to 11.2). There was one serious adverse event in each group. A CCTA-based strategy for low-to-intermediate-risk patients presenting with a possible acute coronary syndrome appears to allow the safe, expedited discharge from the emergency department of many patients who would otherwise be admitted. (Funded by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Health and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00933400.).

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Economic evaluation of fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel disease.

R Gothe, William Fearon, Bernhard Bornschein … (2010)

The Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation (FAME) study demonstrated significantly improved health outcomes at 1 year in patients randomized to multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention guided by fractional flow reserve (FFR) compared with percutaneous coronary intervention guided by angiography alone. The economic impact of routine measurement of FFR in this setting is not known. In this study, 1005 patients were randomly assigned to FFR-guided or angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention and followed up for 1 year. A prospective cost-utility analysis comparing costs and quality-adjusted life-years was performed with a time horizon of 1 year. Quality-adjusted life-years were calculated with the use of utilities determined by the EuroQuol 5 dimension health survey with US weights. Direct medical costs included those of the index procedure and hospitalization and costs for major adverse cardiac events during follow-up. Confidence intervals for both quality-adjusted life-years and costs were estimated by the bootstrap percentile method. Major adverse cardiac events at 1 year occurred in 13.2% of those in the FFR-guided arm and 18.3% of those in the angiography-guided arm (P=0.02). Quality-adjusted life-years were slightly greater in the FFR-guided arm (0.853 versus 0.838; P=0.2). Mean overall costs at 1 year were significantly less in the FFR-guided arm ($14 315 versus $16 700; P<0.001). Bootstrap simulation indicated that the FFR-guided strategy was cost-saving in 90.74% and cost-effective at a threshold of US $50 000 per quality-adjusted life-years in 99.96%. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated robust results. Economic evaluation of the FAME study reveals that FFR-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary disease is one of those rare situations in which a new technology not only improves outcomes but also saves resources. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00267774.

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Improved detection of coronary artery disease by stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance with the use of delayed enhancement infarction imaging.

Igor Klem, John Heitner, Dipan Shah … (2006)

We tested a pre-defined visual interpretation algorithm that combines cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data from perfusion and infarction imaging for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance can assess both myocardial perfusion and infarction with independent techniques in a single session. We prospectively enrolled 100 consecutive patients with suspected CAD scheduled for X-ray coronary angiography. Patients had comprehensive clinical evaluation, including Rose angina questionnaire, 12-lead electrocardiography, C-reactive protein, and calculation of Framingham risk. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance included cine, adenosine-stress and rest perfusion-CMR, and delayed enhancement-CMR (DE-CMR) for infarction imaging. Matched stress-rest perfusion defects in the absence of infarction by DE-CMR were considered artifactual. All patients underwent X-ray angiography within 24 h of CMR. Ninety-two patients had complete CMR examinations. Significant CAD (> or =70% stenosis) was found in 37 patients (40%). The combination of perfusion and DE-CMR had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 89%, 87%, and 88%, respectively, for CAD diagnosis, compared with 84%, 58%, and 68%, respectively, for perfusion-CMR alone. The combination had higher specificity and accuracy (p < 0.0001), owing to incorporating the exceptionally high specificity (98%) of DE-CMR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated the combination provided better performance than cine, perfusion, or DE-CMR alone. The accuracy was high in single-vessel and multivessel disease and independent of CAD location. Multivariable analysis including standard clinical parameters demonstrated the combination was the strongest independent CAD predictor. A combined perfusion and infarction CMR examination with a visual interpretation algorithm can accurately diagnose CAD in the clinical setting. The combination is superior to perfusion-CMR alone.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cardiovasc Magn Reson

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Cardiovasc Magn Reson

Title: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Print): 1097-6647

ISSN (Electronic): 1532-429X

Publication date Collection: 2012

Publication date (Electronic): 14 June 2012

Volume: 14

Issue: 1

Page: 35

Affiliations

[1 ]Institute of Health Economics and Management (IEMS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

[2 ]Technology Assessment Unit (UET), University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

[3 ]Division of Cardiology and Head of Cardiac MR Centre, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

[4 ]Department of Cardiology, Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA

[5 ]Department of Cardiology, Clinic Agatharied, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

[6 ]WG CARDIAC MRI, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charité and HELIOS-Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany

[7 ]Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany

[8 ]Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany

[9 ]Landeskrankenhaus Tulln Interne Abteilung, Donauklinikum Alter Zietelweg, Tulln, Austria

[10 ]C.N.R./Regione Toscana/G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy

[11 ]Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

[12 ]Department of Cardiology, Robert Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

Article

Publisher ID: 1532-429X-14-35

DOI: 10.1186/1532-429X-14-35

PMC ID: 3461475

PubMed ID: 22697303

SO-VID: 5727b101-d7d3-4acb-a18b-b58c3942c097

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cost evaluation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance versus coronary angiography for the diagnostic work-up of coronary artery disease: Application of the European Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance registry data to the German, United Kingdom, Swiss, and United States health care systems

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Abstract

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Conclusion

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications

Most cited references 16

CT angiography for safe discharge of patients with possible acute coronary syndromes.

Economic evaluation of fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel disease.

Improved detection of coronary artery disease by stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance with the use of delayed enhancement infarction imaging.

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