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AS ORIGENS MOVIMENTISTAS DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: PROPOSTA ANALÍTICA APLICADA ÀS ÁREAS DE CRIANÇA E ADOLESCENTE, DIREITOS HUMANOS E SAÚDE
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      Distribution of Triatomines, the Vector of Chagas Disease — Southern China, 2016−2018

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          Abstract

          What is already known on this topic?

          Triatomines, also known as kissing bugs, are widespread vectors for Chagas disease which affects 6–8 million people worldwide. Two species of triatomines have been previously reported in China.

          What is added by this report?

          This study showed data from the first investigation of triatomine distribution in China. Triatoma rubrofasciata and a novel species of triatomine in 170 habitats in 30 cities in southern China were recorded in this investigation.

          What are the implications for public health practice?

          Considering the worldwide spread of Chagas disease and new species of trypanosomiasis, strengthening the monitoring of triatomines and their associated diseases in southern China is vital to prevent and control these diseases.

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          Chagas disease: a Latin American health problem becoming a world health problem.

          Gabriel Schmunis, Zaida E. Yadon (2010)
          Political repression and/or economic stagnation stimulated the flow of migration from the 17 Latin American countries endemic for Chagas disease to developed countries. Because of this migration, Chagas disease, an autochthonous disease of the Continental Western Hemisphere is becoming a global health problem. In 2006, 3.8% of the 80,522 immigrants from those 17 countries to Australia were likely infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. In Canada in 2006, 3.5% of the 156,960 immigrants from Latin America whose country of origin was identified were estimated to have been infected. In Japan in 2007, there were 80,912 immigrants from Brazil, 15,281 from Peru, and 19,413 from other South American countries whose country of origin was not identified, a portion of whom may have been also infected. In 15 countries of Europe in 2005, excluding Spain, 2.9% of the 483,074 legal Latin American immigrants were estimated to be infected with T. cruzi. By 2008, Spain had received 1,678,711 immigrants from Latin American endemic countries; of these, 5.2% were potentially infected with T. cruzi and 17,390 may develop Chagas disease. Further, it was estimated that 24-92 newborns delivered by South American T. cruzi infected mothers in Spain may have been congenitally infected with T. cruzi in 2007. In the USA we estimated that 1.9% of approximately 13 million Latin American immigrants in 2000, and 2% of 17 million in 2007, were potentially infected with T. cruzi. Of these, 49,157 and 65,133 in 2000 and 2007 respectively, may have or may develop symptoms and signs of chronic Chagas disease. Governments should implement policies to prevent donations of blood and organs from T. cruzi infected donors. In addition, an infrastructure that assures detection and treatment of acute and chronic cases as well as congenital infection should be developed. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            The Evolutionary Origin of Diversity in Chagas Disease Vectors.

            Silvia Justi, Cleber Galvão (2017)
            Chagas disease is amongst the ten most important neglected tropical diseases but knowledge on the diversification of its vectors, Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), is very scarce. Most Triatominae species occur in the Americas, and are all considered potential vectors. Despite its amazing ecological vignette, there are remarkably few evolutionary studies of the whole subfamily, and only one genome sequence has been published. The young age of the subfamily, coupled with the high number of independent lineages, are intriguing, yet the lack of genome-wide data makes it a challenge to infer the phylogenetic relationships within Triatominae. Here we synthesize what is known, and suggest the next steps towards a better understanding of how this important group of disease vectors came to be.
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              Risks associated with dispersive nocturnal flights of sylvatic Triatominae to artificial lights in a model house in the northeastern plains of Colombia

              David Jácome-Pinilla, Eduwin Hincapie-Peñaloza, Mario I Ortiz … (2015)
              Background Control initiatives and continuous surveillance of vector-borne transmission have proved to be effective measures for diminishing the incidence of Chagas disease in endemic countries. However, the active dispersal of infected sylvatic adult triatomines by flight represents one of the main obstacles to eliminating domestic transmission. Methods In order to determine the risk that active dispersal of sylvatic adult triatomines represents in Colombian northeastern plains, we quantified the distribution and abundance of triatomines in palm trees (primarily Attalea butyracea) using live bait traps. Directional light traps were used to estimate the frequency of sylvatic triatomine dispersal and their possible origin. Finally, the effect of environmental parameters and artificial light sources on the take-off of sylvatic Rhodnius prolixus was evaluated in field experiments. Results R. prolixus was found in 90 % of the palm trees that densely aggregated toward the northern portion of the study area. R. prolixus, and three other sylvatic triatomine species were found to actively disperse and were attracted to the directional light traps (Triatoma maculata, Panstrongylus geniculatus and Psammolestes arthuri). Temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and night luminosity did not affect the active dispersal of the triatomines which is higher the first two hours after sunset. Artificial lights from houses at 60 and 110 m played a key role in the directionality of the R. prolixus take-offs. Trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from R. prolixus, T. maculata and P. geniculatus and was genotyped as T. cruzi I, III and IV. Conclusions Our results highlight the potential risk in Colombian northeastern plains of actively dispersing sylvatic triatomines and their role in the domestic introduction of Discrete Typing Units of T. cruzi associated to sylvatic foci of Chagas disease transmission.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xiao-nong Zhou
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): China CDC Wkly
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CCDCW
                Title: China CDC Weekly
                Publisher: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Beijing, China )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2096-7071
                Publication date (Print): 14 August 2020
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 33
                Pages: 629-633
                Affiliations
                [1 ] National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
                [2 ] Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Pu’er, Yunnan, China
                [3 ] Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
                [4 ] Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
                [5 ] Institute of Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: ccdcw-2-33-629
                DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2020.174
                PMC ID: 8392960
                PubMed ID: 34594725
                SO-VID: 5779c0c7-c386-434f-b049-9beb7eddc93d
                Copyright © Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2020
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 9 July 2020
                Date accepted : 7 August 2020
                Funding
                This work was supported by National Science and Technology Project (No. 2018ZX10101002) and National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC1202000).
                Categories
                Subject: Preplanned Studies

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