Crop Biodiversity: An Unfinished Magnum Opus of Nature

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Abstract

Crop biodiversity is one of the major inventions of humanity through the process of domestication. It is also an essential resource for crop improvement to adapt agriculture to ever-changing conditions like global climate change and consumer preferences. Domestication and the subsequent evolution under cultivation have profoundly shaped the genetic architecture of this biodiversity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of crop biodiversity. Topics include the reduction of genetic diversity during domestication and counteracting factors, a discussion of the relationship between parallel phenotypic and genotypic evolution, the role of plasticity in genotype × environment interactions, and the important role subsistence farmers play in actively maintaining crop biodiversity and in participatory breeding. Linking genotype and phenotype remains the holy grail of crop biodiversity studies.

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Most cited references 137

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Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: land sharing and land sparing compared.

Ben Phalan, Malvika Onial, Andrew Balmford … (2011)

The question of how to meet rising food demand at the least cost to biodiversity requires the evaluation of two contrasting alternatives: land sharing, which integrates both objectives on the same land; and land sparing, in which high-yield farming is combined with protecting natural habitats from conversion to agriculture. To test these alternatives, we compared crop yields and densities of bird and tree species across gradients of agricultural intensity in southwest Ghana and northern India. More species were negatively affected by agriculture than benefited from it, particularly among species with small global ranges. For both taxa in both countries, land sparing is a more promising strategy for minimizing negative impacts of food production, at both current and anticipated future levels of production.

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Evolution of crop species: genetics of domestication and diversification.

Rachel S Meyer, Michael Purugganan (2013)

Domestication is a good model for the study of evolutionary processes because of the recent evolution of crop species (<12,000 years ago), the key role of selection in their origins, and good archaeological and historical data on their spread and diversification. Recent studies, such as quantitative trait locus mapping, genome-wide association studies and whole-genome resequencing studies, have identified genes that are associated with the initial domestication and subsequent diversification of crops. Together, these studies reveal the functions of genes that are involved in the evolution of crops that are under domestication, the types of mutations that occur during this process and the parallelism of mutations that occur in the same pathways and proteins, as well as the selective forces that are acting on these mutations and that are associated with geographical adaptation of crop species.

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Resequencing of 31 wild and cultivated soybean genomes identifies patterns of genetic diversity and selection.

Hon-Ming Lam, Xun Xu, Xin Liu … (2010)

We report a large-scale analysis of the patterns of genome-wide genetic variation in soybeans. We re-sequenced a total of 17 wild and 14 cultivated soybean genomes to an average of approximately ×5 depth and >90% coverage using the Illumina Genome Analyzer II platform. We compared the patterns of genetic variation between wild and cultivated soybeans and identified higher allelic diversity in wild soybeans. We identified a high level of linkage disequilibrium in the soybean genome, suggesting that marker-assisted breeding of soybean will be less challenging than map-based cloning. We report linkage disequilibrium block location and distribution, and we identified a set of 205,614 tag SNPs that may be useful for QTL mapping and association studies. The data here provide a valuable resource for the analysis of wild soybeans and to facilitate future breeding and quantitative trait analysis.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Annual Review of Plant Biology

Abbreviated Title: Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

Publisher: Annual Reviews

ISSN (Print): 1543-5008

ISSN (Electronic): 1545-2123

Publication date Created: April 29 2019

Publication date (Print): April 29 2019

Volume: 70

Issue: 1

Pages: 727-751

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011–1020, USA;

[2 ]Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616–8780, USA;,

Article

DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040240

PubMed ID: 31035827

SO-VID: 578f1059-2ce7-443d-8f12-667c9132ae1e

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Crop Biodiversity: An Unfinished Magnum Opus of Nature

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Most cited references 137

Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: land sharing and land sparing compared.

Evolution of crop species: genetics of domestication and diversification.

Resequencing of 31 wild and cultivated soybean genomes identifies patterns of genetic diversity and selection.

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