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      Whole-Genome Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolates in Outbreak Linked to Online Food Delivery, Shenzhen, China, 2018

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          Abstract

          In July 2018, an outbreak of 10 cases of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection occurred in Shenzhen, China. Outbreak investigation complemented by whole-genome sequencing traced the source to food ordered online. Our investigation highlights the role of online food delivery platforms as a new mode of foodborne disease transmission.

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          The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis.

          Shannon Majowicz, Jennie Musto, Elaine Scallan … (2010)
          To estimate the global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis, we synthesized existing data from laboratory-based surveillance and special studies, with a hierarchical preference to (1) prospective population-based studies, (2) "multiplier studies," (3) disease notifications, (4) returning traveler data, and (5) extrapolation. We applied incidence estimates to population projections for the 21 Global Burden of Disease regions to calculate regional numbers of cases, which were summed to provide a global number of cases. Uncertainty calculations were performed using Monte Carlo simulation. We estimated that 93.8 million cases (5th to 95th percentile, 61.8-131.6 million) of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella species occur globally each year, with 155,000 deaths (5th to 95th percentile, 39,000-303,000 deaths). Of these, we estimated 80.3 million cases were foodborne. Salmonella infection represents a considerable burden in both developing and developed countries. Efforts to reduce transmission of salmonellae by food and other routes must be implemented on a global scale.
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            Characterization of Foodborne Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis with Whole-Genome Sequencing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Analysis for Surveillance and Outbreak Detection.

            Angela Taylor, Victoria Lappi, William J Wolfgang … (2015)
            Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness in the United States; however, current molecular subtyping methods lack resolution for this highly clonal serovar. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have made it possible to examine whole-genome sequencing (WGS) as a potential molecular subtyping tool for outbreak detection and source trace back. Here, we conducted a retrospective analysis of S. Enteritidis isolates from seven epidemiologically confirmed foodborne outbreaks and sporadic isolates (not epidemiologically linked) to determine the utility of WGS to identify outbreaks. A collection of 55 epidemiologically characterized clinical and environmental S. Enteritidis isolates were sequenced. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based cluster analysis of the S. Enteritidis genomes revealed well supported clades, with less than four-SNP pairwise diversity, that were concordant with epidemiologically defined outbreaks. Sporadic isolates were an average of 42.5 SNPs distant from the outbreak clusters. Isolates collected from the same patient over several weeks differed by only two SNPs. Our findings show that WGS provided greater resolution between outbreak, sporadic, and suspect isolates than the current gold standard subtyping method, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Furthermore, results could be obtained in a time frame suitable for surveillance activities, supporting the use of WGS as an outbreak detection and characterization method for S. Enteritidis.
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              An international outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis linked to eggs from Poland: a microbiological and epidemiological study

              Roan Pijnacker, Timothy Dallman, Aloys S L Tijsma … (2019)
              Article 0 comments Cited 55 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): April 2020
                Volume: 26
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 789-792
                Affiliations
                [1]Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China (M. Jiang, C. Yang, P.S.L. Kwan, Y. Li, Y. Lin, Y. Qiu, X. Shi, Q. Hu);
                [2]Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen (F. Zhu, H. Chen);
                [3]State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China (C. Yang, Y. Cui);
                [4]College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China (Y. Deng)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Qinghua Hu, 8 Longyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China; email: huqinghua03@ 123456163.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 19-1446
                DOI: 10.3201/eid2604.191446
                PMC ID: 7101132
                PubMed ID: 32186505
                SO-VID: 58a6c2e9-d1f0-49fb-a0f7-8738805938b1
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Whole-Genome Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolates in Outbreak Linked to Online Food Delivery, Shenzhen, China, 2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis,outbreak,foodborne illness,epidemiology,whole-genome sequencing,online food delivery,bacteria,china,acute gastroenteritis,food safety
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, outbreak, foodborne illness, epidemiology, whole-genome sequencing, online food delivery, bacteria, china, acute gastroenteritis, food safety

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