Metabolic Syndrome Is a Strong Risk Factor for Minor Ischemic Stroke and Subsequent Vascular Events

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

Minor ischemic stroke (MIS) represents a major global public health problem worldwide due to high incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a strong risk for MIS and subsequent vascular events (SVE).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed examining symptomatic MIS in a Chinese neurologic outpatient population aged over 25 years without history of stroke. MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. MIS was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion weighted images or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.

Results

Of 1361 outpatients, a total of 753 (55.3%) patients were diagnosed with MIS; of them, 80% had a score of 0 using the MIS had a 0 score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Among these, 303 (40.2%) individuals with MIS were diagnosed with MetS. Diagnosed of MIS with MetS significantly correlated with abdominal obesity (30.7% v.s 18.0%), hypertension (91.1% v.s 81.6%), increased blood glucose (6.9±2.4 v.s 5.0±0.4), dyslipidemia (78.2% v.s 48.2%), and SVE (50.5% v.s 11.3%) when compared with the controls group. On adjusted analysis, the risk of SVE was also significantly associated with three additional MetS criterion (RR,9.0; 95% CI, 5.677–14.46). Using Cox proportional analysis, risk of SVE in patient with MIS was significantly associated with MetS (RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.799–6.210), older age (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 1.001–1.048), and high blood glucose (RR,1.1; 95%CI, 1.007–1.187).

Conclusions

The MetS is a strong risk factor for MIS, and patients presenting with MIS and MetS are at a high risk of SVE. Further studies are required to determine the improvement of Mets prevention in the reduction of MIS and SVE.

Related collections

Most cited references 23

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korea

Soo A Lim, Hayley Shin, Jung Han Song … (2011)

OBJECTIVE The number of people with metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, and changes in socioenvironmental factors contribute to this increase. Therefore, investigation of changes in metabolic syndrome and its components in South Korea, where rapid socioenvironmental changes have occurred in recent years, would be foundational in setting up an effective strategy for reducing this increasing trend. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared the prevalence and pattern of metabolic syndrome among participants in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007. In each survey, stratified, multistage, probability–sampling designs and weighting adjustments were conducted to represent the entire Korean population. The revised National Cholesterol Education Program criteria were used as the definition of metabolic syndrome. All biochemical parameters were measured in a central laboratory. RESULTS A total of 6,907 (mean ± SE age 45.0 ± 0.2 years), 4,536 (45.5 ± 0.2), 5,373 (47.1 ± 0.2), and 2,890 (49.9 ± 0.3) Koreans over 20 years of age have participated in the studies in 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased significantly from 24.9% in 1998, 29.2% in 2001, and 30.4% in 2005 to 31.3% in 2007. Among the five components, the level of low HDL cholesterol increased the most, by 13.8% over the 10 years. Abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia followed, with 8.7 and 4.9% increases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Because dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity were major factors in increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Koreans for the past 10 years, lifestyle interventions should be conducted at the national level to reduce the burden and consequences of metabolic syndrome.

0 comments Cited 265 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

What is a minor stroke?

Jan Gralla, Marie-Louise Mono, Marco De Gobbi … (2010)

The term "minor stroke" is often used; however a consensus definition is lacking. We explored the relationship of 6 "minor stroke" definitions and outcome and tested their validity in subgroups of patients. A total of 760 consecutive patients with acute ischemic strokes were classified according to the following definitions: A, score < or = 1 on every National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) item and normal consciousness; B, lacunar-like syndrome; C, motor deficits with or without sensory deficits; D, NIHSS < or = 9 excluding those with aphasia, neglect, or decreased consciousness; E, NIHSS < or = 9; and F, NIHSS < or = 3. Short-term outcome was considered favorable when patients were discharged home, and favorable medium-term outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of < or = 2 at 3 months. The following subgroup analyses were performed by definition: sex, age, anterior versus posterior and right versus left hemispheric stroke, and early (0 to 6 hours) versus late admission (6 to 24 hours) to the hospital. Short-term and medium-term outcomes were most favorable in patients with definition A (74% and 90%, respectively) and F (71% and 90%, respectively). Patients with definition C and anterior circulation strokes were more likely to be discharged home than patients with posterior circulation strokes (P=0.021). The medium-term outcome of older patients with definition E was less favorable compared with the outcome of younger ones (P=0.001), whereas patients with definition A, D, and F did not show different outcomes in any subgroup. Patients fulfilling definition A and F had best short-term and medium-term outcomes. They would be best suited to the definition of "minor stroke."

0 comments Cited 133 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Wide variation in definition, detection, and description of lacunar lesions on imaging.

Fergal J Marlborough, Hollis G. Potter, Joanna M. Wardlaw (2011)

Variation in the definition of lacunar lesions on imaging and difficulties in their detection may be hampering lacunar stroke research. We assessed literature definitions of imaging lacunar lesions and the definitions and detection of lacunar lesions among small-vessel disease researchers. We assessed definitions of imaging lacunar lesion in 50 randomly selected articles from 3 stroke-related journals and an online survey of small-vessel disease researchers. In the literature review, we assessed clinical/imaging definitions of lacunar stroke. In the survey, we assessed lacunar lesion detection, effects of lesion appearance, background white matter lesions, and provision of relevant data. Among 50 articles, imaging definitions were varied and often limited; size was stated in 21 of 43 (49%) studies of acute and in 9 of 20 (45%) studies of old lesions and site in 18 (42%) and 4 (20%), respectively. Clinical definitions also varied, and images were read mostly by nonradiologists. Among 56 survey respondents, multiple descriptions were used for recent and old, symptomatic and asymptomatic, lesions on imaging. Most agreed on definitions for site (98%) and "old lacunar infarct" (61%) size. Cavitated (vs noncavitated) lesions were usually identified as lacunar lesions; with increasing white matter lesions, however, noncavitated lesions were very unlikely to be identified, even with prior imaging available (7.8%). Imaging definitions of lacunar lesions vary widely, in part due to variation in lesion detection and classification. A consensus for imaging definitions of small-vessel disease features would be helpful.

0 comments Cited 39 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Gianpaolo Reboldi: Role: Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE

Journal ID (publisher-id): plos

Journal ID (pmc): plosone

Title: PLoS ONE

Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )

ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203

Publication date (Electronic): 18 August 2016

Publication date Collection: 2016

Volume: 11

Issue: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: e0156243

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Neurology, Affiliated Shu Yang People′s Hospital, XuZhou Medical University, XuZhou, China

[2 ]Department of Clinical Research, Affiliated Shu Yang People's Hospital, XuZhou Medical University, XuZhou, China

[3 ]Department of science and education, Affiliated Shu Yang People′s Hospital, XuZhou Medical University, XuZhou, China

Universita degli Studi di Perugia, ITALY

Author notes

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Conceived and designed the experiments: GSW DMT.
Performed the experiments: GSW DMT.
Analyzed the data: DMT.
Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GSW DMT XDC THY YTZ XBM.
Wrote the paper: DMT.
Agree with manuscript results and conclusions: GSW DMT XDC THY YTZ XBM.

* E-mail: tongdaoming@ 123456163.com

Article

Publisher ID: PONE-D-16-03050

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156243

PMC ID: 4990187

PubMed ID: 27536865

SO-VID: 59dfd938-79c4-4449-94fa-bb754b132048

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 22 January 2016

Date accepted : 11 May 2016

Page count

Figures: 2, Tables: 5, Pages: 12

Funding

This work is supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council, affiliated Shu Yang People's Hospital, XuZhou Medical University, China.

Custom metadata

Data Availability All relevant data are available through Dryad (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5qf0p).

Metabolic Syndrome Is a Strong Risk Factor for Minor Ischemic Stroke and Subsequent Vascular Events

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Related collections

PLOS Climate

Most cited references 23

Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korea

What is a minor stroke?

Wide variation in definition, detection, and description of lacunar lesions on imaging.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Page count

Funding

Categories

Custom metadata

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 101

Cited by 6

Most referenced authors 755