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      The Role of the Cerebellum in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease

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          Abstract

          Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, has traditionally been considered a “classic” basal ganglia disease, as the most obvious pathology is seen in the dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Nevertheless recent discoveries in anatomical connections linking the basal ganglia and the cerebellum have led to a re-examination of the role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of PD. This review summarizes the role of the cerebellum in explaining many curious features of PD: the significant variation in disease progression between individuals; why severity of dopaminergic deficit correlates with many features of PD such as bradykinesia, but not tremor; and why PD subjects with a tremor-predominant presentation tend to have a more benign prognosis. It is clear that the cerebellum participates in compensatory mechanisms associated with the disease and must be considered an essential contributor to the overall pathophysiology of PD.

          RESUME:

          Role du cervelet dans la physiopathologie de la Maladie de Parkinson. La Maladie de Parkinson (MP), le trouble du mouvement de nature neurodegenerative le plus frequent, a traditionnellement ete consideree comme une maladie « classique » des noyaux gris centraux, etant donne que la pathologie la plus evidente se retrouve dans les cellules dopaminergiques de la substance noire de la pars compacta. Neanmoins, des decouvertes recentes concernant les connections anatomiques liant les noyaux gris centraux et le cervelet ont mene a un nouvel examen du role du cervelet dans la physiopathologie de la MP. Cette revue explique de fa9on resumee plusieurs aspects singuliers de la MP dans lesquels le cervelet joue un role: la variation importante dans la progression de la maladie entre les patients; pourquoi la severite du deficit dopaminergique est en correlation avec plusieurs manifestations de la MP telle la bradykinesie, mais non avec le tremblement; et pourquoi les patients chez qui le tremblement predomine ont tendance a avoir un meilleur pronostic. Il est certain que le cervelet participe a des mecanismes compensatoires associes a la maladie et sa contribution doit etre consideree comme essentielle a la physiopathologie globale de la MP.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          0415227
          2739
          Can J Neurol Sci
          Can J Neurol Sci
          The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques
          0317-1671
          22 December 2019
          May 2013
          02 January 2020
          : 40
          : 3
          : 299-306
          Affiliations
          Departments of Neurology (MML, XH), Pharmacology (MML, XH), Radiology (XH), Neurosurgery (XH), Kinesiology (XH), Bioengineering (XH), Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey PA, USA; Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre (SG, SJ, JS, MJM), Department of Medicine (Neurology) (MJM), Brain Research Centre (MJM), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (MJM), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
          Author notes
          Correspondence to: Martin J. McKeown, Neurology, Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, M31, Purdy Pavillion, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada. martin.mckeown@ 123456ubc.edu .
          Article
          PMC6939223 PMC6939223 6939223 nihpa1064962
          10.1017/s0317167100014232
          6939223
          23603164
          5a6eed28-1e0e-4e9f-8fec-afaa0ad2e749
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