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      Septic arthritis of the wrist caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare: a case report

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          Abstract

          Septic arthritis of the wrist is rare entity, especially; atypical mycobacterial infection of the wrist is extremely rare. We report a case of septic arthritis of the wrist caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare, which was successfully treated by radical debridement followed by wrist arthrodesis using vascularised fibular grafting.

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          Identification of various serovar strains of Mycobacterium avium complex by using DNA probes specific for Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare.

          Naoko Tomioka, H Saito, H Tasaka … (1990)
          Reference strains of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) belonging to serovars 1 to 28 were examined with DNA probes (Gen Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for the MAC; Gen Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.) specific for either M. avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare. This study revealed that the earlier designations of the MAC serovars, in which serovars 1 to 3 and 4 to 28 were regarded as M. avium and M. intracellular, respectively, should be revised as follows. First M. avium includes serovars, 1 to 6, 8 to 11, and 21. Second, M. intracellulare includes serovars 7, 12 to 20, and 25. However, other serovars, such as serovars 22 to 24 and 26 to 28, involve M. intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and MAC that are lacking in the reactivity with either DNA probe and that are too disordered to enable a conclusive description here, particularly concerning their taxonomic positions in the MAC.
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            Bacterial arthritis in the adult.

            Alan Kelly (1975)
            A brief review of bacterial arthritis as seen at the Mayo Clinic in the years 1958 through 1973 has been presented with a selected literature review. Once considered a disease of children and adolescents, this disease now is seen more often in adults, especially in those who are elderly, are chronically ill, or are receiving medications that lower the host resistance in invading bacteria. The diagnosis must be made early, with rapid isolation and identification of the organism. Proper antibacterial drugs should be selected on the basis of in vitro susceptibility tests. The joint should be either aspirated or decompressed by closed suction-irrigation. In instances in which diagnosis is late and joint destruction occurs, joint débridement will be necessary.
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              Mycobacterium marinum infection of the deep structures of the hand and wrist: 25 years of experience.

              Jason Pui-yin Cheung, Boris Kwok Keung Fung, Wing-Yuk Ip (2010)
              Mycobacterium marinum infection could have various presentations, from superficial skin infection to deep structure destruction. The prognosis is relatively poor when deep structure is involved as it is more destructive. The prognosis is even worse when operation is required. In the retrospective study of 136 patients who suffered this disease with deep structure involvement, their clinical presentations could be classified into benign and aggressive type. It was found that both types of presentation could be treated conservatively by medication alone. Benign presentations could be treated successfully with chemotherapy alone without complications. Patients with aggressive presentation were usually associated with worse prognosis as there were more complications regardless of the management option. Therefore, the clinical presentation not only had prognostic value but could also guide the treatment plan.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Reports Plast Surg Hand Surg
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Reports Plast Surg Hand Surg
                Journal ID (archive): ICRP
                Journal ID (publisher-id): icrp20
                Title: Case Reports in Plastic Surgery & Hand Surgery
                Publisher: Taylor & Francis
                ISSN (Electronic): 2332-0885
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 November 2016
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 79-82
                Affiliations
                [ a ]Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University , Shijyo-cho, Kashihara, Japan
                Author notes
                CONTACT Kenji Kawamura kkenji@ 123456naramed-u.ac.jp Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University , 840 Shijyo-cho Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1254561
                DOI: 10.1080/23320885.2016.1254561
                PMC ID: 5127383
                SO-VID: 5a92a09d-f52a-4c44-ad28-db4d7d8ddd83
                Copyright © © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 August 2016
                Date accepted : 26 October 2016
                Page count
                Pages: 4, Words: 1579
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: septic arthritis,wrist,atypical mycobacterium,vascularised fibula graft
                Data availability:
                Keywords: septic arthritis, wrist, atypical mycobacterium, vascularised fibula graft

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