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      Volatile Fatty Acids Production from Codigestion of Food Waste and Sewage Sludge Based on β-Cyclodextrins and Alkaline Treatments

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          Abstract

          Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are preferred valuable resources, which can be produced from anaerobic digestion process. This study presents a novel technology using β-cyclodextrins ( β-CD) pretreatment integrated alkaline method to enhance VFAs production from codigestion of food waste and sewage sludge. Experiment results showed that optimized ratio of food waste to sewage sludge was 3 : 2 because it provided adequate organic substance and seed microorganisms. Based on this optimized ratio, the integrated treatment of alkaline pH 10 and β-CD addition (0.2 g/g TS) performed the best enhancement on VFAs production, and the maximum VFAs production was 8631.7 mg/L which was 6.13, 1.38, and 1.57 times higher than that of control, initial pH 10, and 0.2 g β-CD/g TS treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrolysis rate of protein and polysaccharides was greatly improved in integration treatment, which was 1.18–3.45 times higher than that of other tests. Though the VFAs production and hydrolysis of polymeric organics were highly enhanced, the primary bacterial communities with different treatments did not show substantial differences.

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          Adsorption isotherm models for basic dye adsorption by peat in single and binary component systems.

          Jamie G. McKay, J. Porter, Micheal Allen (2004)
          Colored effluents from textile industries are a problem in many rivers and waterways. Prediction of dye adsorption capacities is important in design considerations. The sorption of three basic dyes, namely Basic blue 3, Basic yellow 21, and Basic red 22, onto peat is reported. Equilibrium sorption isotherms have been measured for the three single-component systems. Equilibrium was achieved after 21 days. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Tempkin, and Toth isotherm equations. A detailed error analysis has been undertaken to investigate the effect of using different error criteria for the determination of the single-component isotherm parameters and hence obtain the best isotherm and isotherm parameters which describe the adsorption process. The linear transform model provided the highest R(2) regression coefficient with the Redlich-Peterson model. The Redlich-Peterson model also yielded the best fit to experimental data for all three dyes using the nonlinear error functions. An extended Langmuir model has been used to predict the isotherm data for the binary systems using the single component data. The correlation between theoretical and experimental data had only limited success due to competitive and interactive effects between the dyes and the dye-surface interactions.
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            Petrimonas sulfuriphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic fermentative bacterium isolated from a biodegraded oil reservoir.

            Agnès Grabowski, Brian J Tindall, Véronique Bardin … (2005)
            A mesophilic, anaerobic, fermentative bacterium, strain BN3(T), was isolated from a producing well of a biodegraded oil reservoir in Canada. Cells were Gram-negative, non-motile rods that did not form spores. The temperature range for growth was 15-40 degrees C, with optimum growth at 37-40 degrees C. The strain grew with up 4 % NaCl, with optimum growth in the absence of NaCl. Tryptone was required for growth. Yeast extract and elemental sulfur stimulated growth. Growth was also enhanced during fermentation of glucose, arabinose, galactose, maltose, mannose, rhamnose, lactose, ribose, fructose, sucrose, cellobiose, lactate, mannitol and glycerol. Acetate, hydrogen and CO(2) were produced during glucose fermentation. Elemental sulfur and nitrate were used as electron acceptors and were reduced to sulfide and ammonium, respectively. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 40.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain was a member of the phylum 'Bacteroidetes', distantly related to the genera Bacteroides and Tannerella (similarity values of less than 90 %). The chemotaxonomic data (fatty acids, polar lipids and quinones composition) also indicated that strain BN3(T) could be clearly distinguished from its closest cultivated relatives. This novel organism possesses phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic traits that do not allow its classification as a member of any previously described genus; therefore, it is proposed that this isolate should be described as a member of a novel species of a new genus, Petrimonas gen. nov., of which Petrimonas sulfuriphila sp. nov. is the type species. The type strain is BN3(T) (= DSM 16547(T) = JCM 12565(T)).
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              Free nitrous acid (FNA)-based pretreatment enhances methane production from waste activated sludge.

              Qilin Wang, Damien J. Batstone, Guangming Jiang … (2013)
              Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) is currently enjoying renewed interest due to the potential for methane production. However, methane production is often limited by the slow hydrolysis rate and/or poor methane potential of WAS. This study presents a novel pretreatment strategy based on free nitrous acid (FNA or HNO2) to enhance methane production from WAS. Pretreatment of WAS for 24 h at FNA concentrations up to 2.13 mg N/L substantially enhanced WAS solubilization, with the highest solubilization (0.16 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/mg volatile solids (VS), at 2.13 mg HNO2-N/L) being six times that without FNA pretreatment (0.025 mg COD/mg VS, at 0 mg HNO2-N/L). Biochemical methane potential tests demonstrated methane production increased with increased FNA concentration used in the pretreatment step. Model-based analysis indicated FNA pretreatment improved both hydrolysis rate and methane potential, with the highest improvement being approximately 50% (from 0.16 to 0.25 d(-1)) and 27% (from 201 to 255 L CH4/kg VS added), respectively, achieved at 1.78-2.13 mg HNO2-N/L. Further analysis indicated that increased hydrolysis rate and methane potential were related to an increase in rapidly biodegradable substrates, which increased with increased FNA dose, while the slowly biodegradable substrates remained relatively static.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Archaea
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Archaea
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ARCHAEA
                Title: Archaea
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 1472-3646
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-3654
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 December 2016
                Volume: 2016
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1698163
                Affiliations
                1Postdoctoral Research Station of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
                2State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
                3Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
                4College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Nantong Street, Harbin 150001, China
                5China Nerin Engineering Co., Ltd., Hainan Branch Company, Jinmao West Road, Hainan 570100, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: William B. Whitman

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-9691
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-4869
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2016/1698163
                PMC ID: 5206858
                SO-VID: 5d2c8ec8-0a9f-4055-8fbc-bd3485896ced
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 Xue Yang et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 18 May 2016
                Date accepted : 19 June 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 51508398
                Funded by: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
                Award ID: 2015M571600
                Funded by: Shanghai International Science and Technology Cooperation
                Award ID: 14230700400
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology

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