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      Elastin aging and lipid oxidation products in human aorta

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          Abstract

          Vascular aging is associated with structural and functional modifications of the arteries, and by an increase in arterial wall thickening in the intima and the media, mainly resulting from structural modifications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Among the factors known to accumulate with aging, advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALEs) are a hallmark of oxidative stress-associated diseases such as atherosclerosis. Aldehydes generated from the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein), form adducts on cellular proteins, leading to a progressive protein dysfunction with consequences in the pathophysiology of vascular aging. The contribution of these aldehydes to ECM modification is not known. This study was carried out to investigate whether aldehyde-adducts are detected in the intima and media in human aorta, whether their level is increased in vascular aging, and whether elastin fibers are a target of aldehyde-adduct formation. Immunohistological and confocal immunofluorescence studies indicate that 4-HNE-histidine-adducts accumulate in an age-related manner in the intima, media and adventitia layers of human aortas, and are mainly expressed in smooth muscle cells. In contrast, even if the structure of elastin fiber is strongly altered in the aged vessels, our results show that elastin is not or very poorly modified by 4-HNE. These data indicate a complex role for lipid peroxidation and in particular for 4-HNE in elastin homeostasis, in the vascular wall remodeling during aging and atherosclerosis development.

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          Highlights

          • •

            Elastin alteration, degradation, and loss in aged arteries.

          • •

            Increased lipid oxidation products (4-HNE) accumulation on cells and ECM in the intima and adventitia, and at a lesser extent in the media of aged patients.

          • •

            No modification of elastin by 4-HNE in human vessels.

          • •

            Abundant 4-HNE-protein adducts in aortic smooth muscle cells.

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          Effect of collagen turnover on the accumulation of advanced glycation end products.

          Nicole Verzijl, Jeroen DeGroot, Suzanne R Thorpe … (2000)
          Collagen molecules in articular cartilage have an exceptionally long lifetime, which makes them susceptible to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In fact, in comparison to other collagen-rich tissues, articular cartilage contains relatively high amounts of the AGE pentosidine. To test the hypothesis that this higher AGE accumulation is primarily the result of the slow turnover of cartilage collagen, AGE levels in cartilage and skin collagen were compared with the degree of racemization of aspartic acid (% d-Asp, a measure of the residence time of a protein). AGE (N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine, and pentosidine) and % d-Asp concentrations increased linearly with age in both cartilage and skin collagen (p < 0.0001). The rate of increase in AGEs was greater in cartilage collagen than in skin collagen (p < 0.0001). % d-Asp was also higher in cartilage collagen than in skin collagen (p < 0.0001), indicating that cartilage collagen has a longer residence time in the tissue, and thus a slower turnover, than skin collagen. In both types of collagen, AGE concentrations increased linearly with % d-Asp (p < 0.0005). Interestingly, the slopes of the curves of AGEs versus % d-Asp, i.e. the rates of accumulation of AGEs corrected for turnover, were identical for cartilage and skin collagen. The present study thus provides the first experimental evidence that protein turnover is a major determinant in AGE accumulation in different collagen types. From the age-related increases in % d-Asp the half-life of cartilage collagen was calculated to be 117 years and that of skin collagen 15 years, thereby providing the first reasonable estimates of the half-lives of these collagens.
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            Cell death and diseases related to oxidative stress: 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) in the balance.

            L Huc, F Guéraud, S Dalleau … (2013)
            During the last three decades, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major α,β-unsaturated aldehyde product of n-6 fatty acid oxidation, has been shown to be involved in a great number of pathologies such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. These multiple pathologies can be explained by the fact that HNE is a potent modulator of numerous cell processes such as oxidative stress signaling, cell proliferation, transformation or cell death. The main objective of this review is to focus on the different aspects of HNE-induced cell death, with a particular emphasis on apoptosis. HNE is a special apoptotic inducer because of its abilities to form protein adducts and to propagate oxidative stress. It can stimulate intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and interact with typical actors such as tumor protein 53, JNK, Fas or mitochondrial regulators. At the same time, due to its oxidant status, it can also induce some cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, thus being involved in its own detoxification. These processes in turn limit the apoptotic potential of HNE. These dualities can imbalance cell fate, either toward cell death or toward survival, depending on the cell type, the metabolic state and the ability to detoxify.
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              Clinical applications of arterial stiffness; definitions and reference values.

              Michael F O'Rourke, Jan Staessen, Charalambos Vlachopoulos … (2002)
              Arterial stiffening is the most important cause of increasing systolic and pulse pressure, and for decreasing diastolic pressure beyond 40 years of age. Stiffening affects predominantly the aorta and proximal elastic arteries, and to a lesser degree the peripheral muscular arteries. While conceptually a Windkessel model is the simplest way to visualize the cushioning function of arteries, this is not useful clinically under changing conditions when effects of wave reflection become prominent. Many measures have been applied to quantify stiffness, but all are approximations only, on account of the nonhomogeneous structure of the arterial wall, its variability in different locations, at different levels of distending pressure, and with changes in smooth muscle tone. This article summarizes the methods and indices used to estimate arterial stiffness, and provides values from a survey of the literature, followed by recommendations of an international group of workers in the field who attended the First Consensus Conference on Arterial Stiffness, which was held in Paris during 2000, under the chairmanship of M.E. Safar and E.D. Frohlich.
              Article 0 comments Cited 204 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Neven Zarkovic
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Redox Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Redox Biol
                Title: Redox Biology
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2213-2317
                Publication date PMC-release: 18 December 2014
                Publication date Collection: April 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 December 2014
                Volume: 4
                Pages: 109-117
                Affiliations
                [a ]Division of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
                [b ]Inserm UMR-1048, Toulouse, France
                [c ]University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
                [d ]Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
                [e ]Rudjer Boskovic Institute, LabOs, Zagreb, Croatia
                [f ]University for Applied Sciences Baltazar, Zaprešić, Croatia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. at: LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-1000 Zagreb, Croatia. zarkovic@ 123456irb.hr
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2213-2317(14)00132-3
                DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.12.008
                PMC ID: 4309857
                PubMed ID: 25553420
                SO-VID: 5d39e675-a0e7-4e13-8c72-c977873dde14
                Copyright © © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
                History
                Date received : 27 November 2014
                Date revision received : 10 December 2014
                Date accepted : 15 December 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Research Paper

                Keywords: 4-hne, 4-hydroxynonenal,ales, advanced lipoxidation end products,ages, advanced glycation end products,ecm, extracellular matrix,mmps, matrix metalloproteases,smc, smooth muscle cells,4-hydroxynonenal,elastin,atherosclerosis,smooth muscle cells,extracellular matrix,aging
                Data availability:
                Keywords: 4-hne, 4-hydroxynonenal, ales, advanced lipoxidation end products, ages, advanced glycation end products, ecm, extracellular matrix, mmps, matrix metalloproteases, smc, smooth muscle cells, 4-hydroxynonenal, elastin, atherosclerosis, smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, aging

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